Individual Report on Econometric Models The WritePass Journal

Singular Report on Econometric Models Setting Singular Report on Econometric Models ) likewise called attention to. Additionally, the model unmistakably sought after a gauge for numerous conditions in the examination, whereby the quantity of these conditions were commensurate to the quantity of classes short 1. The investigation likewise indicated that every condition demonstrated the chances of being in a class, which is reliable with the arranged logit model (Sadler, 2008; Allegrezza and Dubrocard, 2012). Note that the utilization of the previously mentioned models for the two investigations was reliable with their expectation to evaluate or quantify factors so as to think of goal and orderly outcomes for the connection among pay and satisfaction. The two examinations picked to utilize information from built up informational collections (ESS and GSS) to clearly encourage speculation of discoveries, with which they were effective. It might be brought up that Oshio and colleagues’ (2011) results were harmonious withâ Caporale and colleagues’ (2009), mirroring the legitimacy of the latter’s discoveries.  References Aldrich, J. H.m Alt, J. E., and Lupia, A. (2007) Positive Changes in Political Science: The Legacy of Richard D. McKelvey’s Most Influential Writings. Michigan: University of Michigan. Allegrezza and Dubrocard (2012) Internet Econometrics. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan. Caporale, G. M., Georgellis, Y., Tsitsianis, N., Yin, Y. P. (2009) Income and satisfaction across Europe: Do reference esteems matter? Diary of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51. Gailmard, S. (2014) Statistical Modeling and Inference for Social Science. NY: Cambridge University Press. Gill (2008) Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach, Second Edition. NW: Chapman Hall/CRC.  Jones, A. (2007) Applied Econometrics for Health Economists: A Practical Guide. Second Edition. Oxon: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.â  Oshio, T., Nozak, K., and Kobayashi, M. (2011) Relative pay and satisfaction in Asia: Evidence from across the nation studies in China, Japan, and Korea. Social Indicators Research, 104 (3), 351-367.  Sadler, A. M. (2008) Determinants of Entrepreneurial Behavior among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant University Scientists in the US: The Impact of Cultural Predispositions and Learning. MI: ProQuest LLC.

Roles of Manager free essay sample

What are the jobs of administrator in association? A compelling chief will achieve huge effect on life, development, and improvement of an association. In light of the exploration done by Mintzberg (1973) about the idea of administrative work or practices, he had distinguished ten explicit jobs most ordinarily observed inside associations. These ten explicit jobs were ordered into three classifications, including relational, enlightening and decisional jobs as follows:- First classification is relational jobs. Relational jobs includes the practices related with human communication I. e. jobs that permit an administrator to communicate with their representatives to accomplish hierarchical objectives. There are three jobs recorded under relational jobs I. e. nonentity, pioneer and contact. Second classification is educational jobs. Enlightening jobs are jobs where an administrator creates and shares information to effectively accomplish authoritative objectives. The three jobs recorded under educational jobs are screen, spread and representative. Third and last classification is decisional jobs. We will compose a custom exposition test on Jobs of Manager or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Decisional jobs incorporate jobs, for example, business person, aggravation handler, asset allocator and mediator. For this task, I have chosen three articles on two notable supervisors in Malaysia portraying three distinctive administrative jobs they played in their separate associations. The main chief is Tan Sri Dr. Tony Fernandes (â€Å"Fernandes†), the gathering CEO (â€Å"CEO†) and originator of AirAsia Berhad (â€Å"AirAsia†) and the articles chose are, 1) â€Å"Tony Fernandes †Dream the Impossible† dated 22 November composed by Chris Forrest Harvey, and 2) â€Å"Fying on Budget† dated 3 December 2010 distributed in Forbes. The subsequent supervisor is Mr. Kellee Kam (â€Å"Kam†), bunch overseeing executive of RHB Capital Berhad dependent on the article â€Å"The Young Banker and the Maestro† dated 4 June 2012 distributed in The Edge Malaysia. In these three articles, I will investigate the administrative jobs showed by these two directors identifying with relational jobs and decisional jobs being pioneer job, business visionary job and arbitrator job separately. Pioneer Role Leader job is chiefly all administrative exercises including subordinates. A portion of these activities included authority, model the recruiting and terminating, building associations with representatives and speaks with, propels, and mentors them. Obligations are on the most fundamental level of the director subordinate relationship and incorporate conveying execution objectives, organizing and spurring subordinates, administering their advancement, advancing and empowering their turn of events, doling out duties, appointing power inside the firm, characterizes the structures and workplaces Meanwhile Mintzberg (1973) a supervisor is accountable for a hierarchical unit and subsequently is liable for crafted by the individuals of that unit. In this way his activities in such manner comprise the pioneer job. In view of the â€Å"Dream Impossible Article†, I will investigate in subtleties the presentation of a pioneer job by Fernandes. Coming up next are models set out in the said article which indicated Fernandes’ job and activities in building a one of a kind work culture and condition in AirAsia:- Staff advancement and inspiration, advancing and empowering their turn of events. Staff are called Allstar and they are urge to learn, develop, and to accomplish their fantasies and seek after their interests. Fernandes utilizes â€Å"dream the incomprehensible, accept the extraordinary, and never take no for an answer† as the organization theory and to develop it as a feature of the DNA of AirAsia. Fernandes clarifies to his staff that they don't have to remain where they are, ten years not far off. Staff with great execution are offered chances to build up their profession further and be advanced. There was one model where a woman who was recruited as an airline steward at AirAsia Thailand. A year into it, she asked Fernandes that she might want to be a pilot. Fernandes showed that on the off chance that she can get the pertinent testaments, he would favor it. She did and she turned out to be first official and along these lines she turned out to be full time chief and flying the plane. By living his fantasies which is to possess an aircraft organization, own a football crew and own a F1 group, Fernandes’ own models urges his staff to seek after their fantasies; Hire the correct individual. When Fernandes employs individuals, he searches for two things I. e. the craving in their eyes and enthusiasm in their souls. Fernandes and his accomplices both were in the music business preceding taking over AirAsia and they didn’t know anything about carrier industry. But since they had enthusiasm, they were happy to buckle down. So when Fernandes employs, he searches for the correct individual which is an individual with enthusiasm for avionics work. To Fernandes, his AirAsia staff are what makes AirAsia in front of rivalries; Communicating objectives and appointing duties. AirAsia’s motivation is straightforward dependent on the slogan â€Å"Everyone can fly. † It isn't only an infectious trademark yet it is the thing that Fernandes and AirAsia staff really do. It is a strategic Fernandes ingrained in AirAsia staff and this move them to do everything conceivable to accomplish this objective. AirAsia staff work isn't simply to top off the seats however to empower individuals to fly and they accept when AirAsia empower individuals to fly, they unite families, companions together, and youngsters and guardians together. Esteemed staff. Fernandes built up a working climate where his representatives realize that they are important to their association. Mr Tony focused on that individuals were the greatest resource for an association and to him â€Å"employees come number one, clients number two supposing that you have a glad workforce, they will take care of your clients at any rate. † Separate the order connection among director and subordinates. Fernandes urges AirAsia staff to make some noise and he needs to get â€Å"every cerebrum in the game† by loosening up convention and separating dividers. His view is that AirAsia is definitely not a small time appear. The organization needs all the 10,000 major cerebrums working for them. In doing as such, Fernandes makes AirAsia workspace into an open arrangement workspace where no one has room. Truly †AirAsia senior administration sits with all other Allstar in an open floor plan. Also, every staff has his contact number with the goal that individuals from task young men to senior the board will simply call, content, and email him legitimately, and they get issues explained rapidly; and Staff preparing. Fernandes began a preparation foundation in Kuala Lumpur in light of the fact that he accepts firmly in preparing and developing the organization own assets. AirAsia staff from various nations will come to KL to be prepared in one month and when they leave, they leave with AirAsia culture with them. Business visionary A director is wearing a business visionary cap when he recognizes new thoughts, actualizes developments, looks for circumstances, and plans for what's to come. Further, he searches for approaches to improve profitability and proficiency inside his association and guides the change procedure from advancement to execution. Mintzberg (1973) demonstrated that a business person is somebody who looks to improve his unit and adjust to changing conditions in condition. He is likewise portrayed as the intentional initiator of progress. In light of the â€Å"Fying on Budget† article, I will investigate in subtleties the showcase of a business person job by Fernandes. Coming up next are models set out in the said article which demonstrated Fernandes’ enterprise jobs and activities in AirAsia: Low-cost idea, new thought, new market. Rebate aircrafts in Asia? At that point years prior they scarcely existed, and in numerous nations the normal shopper couldn’t stand to fly anyplace. Be that as it may, a specialist of progress was grinding away to change the conditions of the exchange. Fernandes assumed control over the Malaysia’s at that point sickly AirAsia in 2001 and relaunched it as a straightforward carrier in the shape of Ireland’s Ryanair dependent on spending aircrafts model, for example, internet booking, no free suppers or beverages, a basic armada line-up, an attention on short and medium range flights, snappy turnaround times in air terminals. AirAsia was ready to harvest structure the repressed interest for modest ticket. Presently almost a fifth of the region’s aircraft seats are provided by ease bearers, and the offer for local trips in certain nations is a lot higher. Sydney’s Center for Asia Pacific Aviation, which orders insights on the minimal effort transporters, sees fast development quickening, with spending seats making up a large portion of the region’s limit by 2015. What is surprising is that this blast owes such a great amount to a solitary, alluring pioneer, Fernandes. From that point forward Fernandes has changed Asia-Pacific air travel by presenting the ease idea and pushing nations to let loose their carrier markets. After AirAsia pioneered the path, somewhere in the range of two dozen other spending transporters followed. Actualize developments and enhancements. Today Fernandes has develop AirAsia as the biggest ease bearer in Asia-Pacific locale, with almost 8,000 representatives, 100 planes and 140 courses including 40 that no aircraft had served previously. Fernandes additionally set up Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia, every where AirAsia has 49% state and this permit AirAsia to work productively across outskirts. Further, after the accomplishment of AirAsia’s short-pull flights, in 2007, AirAsia set up AirAsiaX and ventured into long stretch flights. Fernandes calls it â€Å"AirAsia on steroids,† with tolls as low as half underneath the inheritance transporter costs for departures from Kuala Lumpur to Australia, Tokyo, Seoul, Jeddah, Theran, London and, soon, Paris and Christchurch. This empower AirAsia flies throu

100 Must-Read Books from the 90s

100 Must-Read Books from the 90s Bring out your turtlenecks and combat boots, and join us in reading our way down  the 1990s! (If you, like me, are a 90s kid, you can pick a book from this list to tick off an item on our Read Harder Challenge 2016.) Some notes: I have tried to avoid series like Harry Potter and A Song of Ice and Fire, YA like The Perks of Being a Wallflower, and novels like Fight Club and Infinite Jest: these are books that readers everywhere already know about; weve either already read them and watched the TV/movie adaptations, or never plan to. This is not to say that Rowling and Chuck Palahniuks contributions to the literature of the 90s is not valuable, but so as to leave space for other brilliant works from the decadeto discover something new.  I have also avoided the repetition of authors. Since this list is not genre-specific, I have tried to tag each  book with the shortest possible description after listing it: an indication to its genre, and whether it is fiction or non-fiction; a novel, play, or short story collection. Poetry anthologies and comics are listed separately. A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry (novel, historical  literary fiction) A Girl Named Disaster by Nancy Farmer (YA novel, historical fiction) Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes by Tony Kushner (Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award-winning play) Art by Yasmina Reza (Tony Award-winning play) A Suitable Boy by Vikram Seth (novel, historical literary fiction) Bag of Bones by Stephen King (novel, fiction, horror) Behind the Scenes at the Museum by Kate Atkinson (novel, historical fiction) Birds of America by Lorrie Moore (short story collection, literary fiction) Blindness by José Saramago (novel, dystopian science fiction) Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge Danticat (novel, historical fiction) Charming Billy by Alice McDermott (novel, contemporary fiction) City of Djinns by William Darymple (travelogue/novel set in Delhi, India) Cuckold by Kiran Nagarkar (novel, historical fiction) Dance Dance Dance by Haruki Murakami (translated to English by Alfred Birnbaum in 1994; novel, fiction, magic realism) Dangerous Angels (Weetzie Bat #1-5) by Francesca Lia Block (YA fantasy fiction, magic realism) Delhi by Khushwant Singh (novel, contemporary fiction) Difficult Daughters by Manju Kapur (novel, literary fiction) Dreams from my Father by Barack Obama (non-fiction, memoir) Drown by Junot Díaz (short story collection, fiction) Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture by Douglas Coupland (novel, contemporary fiction) Ghostwritten by David Mitchell (novel, contemporary/literary fiction) Good Omens by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett (novel, fantasy fiction) High Fidelity by Nick Hornby (novel, contemporary fiction) Holes by Louis Sachar (YA novel, Newberry Award-winner) Imaginary Homelands by Salman Rushdie (collection of essays) In an Antique Land by Amitav Ghosh (a narrative ethnography) Indian Ink by Tom Stoppard (play, themes of art and culture) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (short story collection, Pulitzer Prize-winner) Jazz by Toni Morrison (novel, historical fiction) Mr. Murder by Dean Koontz (novel, fiction, horror) My Name is Red by Orhan Pamuk (novel, historical fiction) My Year of Meats by Ruth Ozeki (novel, contemporary fiction) Northern Lights by Philip Pullman (YA novel, fantasy fiction) Of Love and Other Demons by Gabriel García Márquez (novel, fiction, magic realism) On Love by Alain de Botton (novel, fiction, romance) Outlander by Diana Gabaldon (novel, speculative fiction/historical romance) Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse (novel, childrens fiction/YA) Possession by A. S. Byatt (novel, historiographic metafiction) Pulp by Charles Bukowski (novel, detective fiction) Rats Saw God by Rob Thomas (YA novel) Sabriel by Garth Nix (YA novel, fantasy) Scenes from a Writers Life by Ruskin Bond (memoir) Skellig by David Almond (novel, childrens fiction, magic realism) Shiloh by Phyllis Naylor (novel, childrens fiction/YA) So Far From God by Ana Castillo (novel, feminist/fantasy fiction) The Bad Beginning  (A Series of Unfortunate Events #1) by Lemony Snicket (novel, childrens fiction, absurdist/mystery) The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje (novel, historical/contemporary fiction) The Giver by Lois Lowry (YA novel, utpoian/dystopian) The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy (novel, historical/literary fiction) The Haunted Land: Facing Europes Ghosts After Communism by Tina Rosenberg (non-fiction, European History) The Hedge Knight by George R. R. Martin (novella, high fantasy fiction) The Intuitionist by Colson Whitehead (novel, speculative fiction) The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven by Sherman Alexie (short story collection, fantasy fiction) The Magicians Assistant by Ann Patchett (novel, literary fiction) The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency by Alexander McCall Smith (novel, mystery/detective fiction) The Robber Bride by Margaret Atwood (novel, literary fiction) The Secret History by Donna Tartt (novel, fiction, inverted detective story) The Sparrow by  Mary Doria Russell (novel, science fiction) The Thief by Megan Whalen Turner (YA novel, fantasy/adventure) The Unconsoled by Kazuo Ishiguro (novel, contemporary fiction) The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler (play, feminist non-fiction) Three Tall Women by Edward Albee (Pulitzer Prize-winning play, fiction) Tipping the Velvet by Sarah Waters (novel, fiction, historical romance) Trying to Grow by Firdaus Kanga (novel, fiction) Walk Two Moons by Sharon Creech (YA novel, fiction) White Teeth by Zadie Smith (novel, literary fiction) Wise Children by Angela Carter (novel, fiction, magic realism) Wit by Margaret Edson (Pulitzer Prize-winning play, themes of mortality and human relationships) Woman Hollering Creek by Sandra Cisneros (poetic short story collection) . POETRY ANTHOLOGIES Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Cafe  (edited by Miguel Algarín and Bob Holman) An Atlas of the Difficult World by Adrienne Rich Birthday Letters by Ted Hughes Falling Up by Shel Silverstein First Four Books of Poems by  Louise Gluck Jimmy and Rita by Kim Addonizio Love Poems by Nikki Giovani New and Selected Poems by Mary Oliver She by Saul Williams The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes . COMICS Astro City, Vol. 1: Life in the Big City by Kurt Busiek, art by Brent Anderson Bone, Vol. 1: Out from Boneville by Jeff Smith Basara Vol. 1 by Yami Tamura Black Panther  #1 by Christopher J. Priest, art by  Joe Quesada, Mark Texeira Card Captor Sakura, Vol. 1 by CLAMP Complete Dykes to Watch Out For by Alison Bechdel Doom Patrol, #64 to 87 by Rachel Pollack Ghost World by Daniel Clowes Rurouni Kenshin, Vol. 1 by Nobuhiro Watsuki Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began by Art Spiegelman Monster, Vol. 1:  Herr Dr. Tenma by Naoki Urasawa Palestine  #1-2 by Joe Sacco Preacher, Vol. 1: Gone to Texas by Garth Ennis, art by Steve Dillon Sailor Moon, #1 by Naoko Takeuchi Supergirl by  Peter David, art by  Gary Frank, Cam Smith, Karl Story, Terry Dodson The Authoritative Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Waterson The Complete Strangers in Paradise, Vol. 1 by Terry Moore The Infinity Gauntlet by Jim Starlin, art by  George Pérez, Ron Lim The Flash: Born to Run by Mark Waid, art by  Tom Peyer, Greg LaRocque, Jim Aparo, Pop Mhan The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen by Alan Moore, art by  Kevin ONeill The Sandman, Vol: 1: Brief Lives  by Neil Gaiman, art by Jill Thompson, Vince Locke

Is Topgrading A Hiring Method For Identifying Candidates...

Topgrading is a hiring method for identifying candidates who qualify and are most likely to succeed in the organization and avoid the disastrous mis-hire. Through the use of the Topgrading interview hiring managers will be able to identify the â€Å"A Players† who are interviewing for the job based on the various steps in the process. According to the book â€Å"Topgrading techniques for hiring, promoting, assessing, and coaching people have enabled hundreds of companies to achieve 75% and even 90%+ success picking not ok performers but rather true high performers†(Smart). Before the Topgrading interviews even begin there are a few key steps that need to be taken to weed out the â€Å"C Players† from the â€Å"A Players.† One of these steps is the threat of the TORC (Threat of Reference Check), this informs candidates that at every step of the interview process that they will need to provide the company with references, such as former bosses and supervisors. Using the TORC scares away the â€Å"C Players,† because if they are just an average employee there former supervisors will not be willing to talk with the interviewer, and â€Å"A Players† will be extremely willing to give these references, because they are confident that their former bosses will talk highly of them. Measuring the baseline of your organization will all the company to calculate the percentage of successful employees you have hired and the percent of mis-hires the organization has hired. This will allow the organization to evaluate

Modernism, Modernity and Modernisation Urban Growth in...

â€Å"Through migrants, expatriates, exhibitions and publications, Australia first came into contact with Modernism in the mid-1910s. The modernist movement in Australia was at it’s most influential for over five decades, including global wars, economic depression, technological advances and massive social change. (http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/modernism) This article, however, will be focusing on Australia’s development of Modernity, Modernisation and Modernism between the inter-war period of 1919 to 1939. With an ever expanding city, Melbourne designers and architects took advantage of new technologies and advancements in the production of steel and glass which opened up endless possibilities for space and light,†¦show more content†¦Modernisation allowed for new trends and styles to be created that no longer payed such homage to the past and tradition, but rather moved forward in obvious progress and difference. This is one of Edgar Kaufmann Jr.’s design principals from his catalogue titled ‘What is Modern Design’, that principal being Modern design should express the spirit of our times. (Kaufmann, 1950) We can view this evolution in architecture because of new materials, technologies and ideals becoming available, new methods and possibilities were also opened up. Again, one of Kaufmann’s design principals is used in relation to the new advancements: Modern design should take advantage of new materials and techniques and develop familiar one. (Kaufmann, 1950) During the interwar period in Australia the use of new materials and technology allowed changes to occur within the architectural world. Industrial production became an integral part of modern society and ‘a new relationship was forged between man and machine’ (Singingman, 2010). Modernism and the belief that architecture could provide a new better way of living through new technologies methods and materials gave architects the chance to take big steps forward inShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessubject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers

I am Dina Maqdadi and I am not your traditional student Free Essays

I am Dina Maqdadi, an eager student with hopes of being accepted in a law school, a mother to a fifteen month old boy and currently undergoing a high risk pregnancy due on the first of January. As of now, I am in one of the most uncomfortable situations a student could be in: The dilemma of being a young mother. I am also in one of the most challenging scenarios a mother could be in: The challenge of being a single parent. We will write a custom essay sample on I am Dina Maqdadi and I am not your traditional student or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a single mother is truly a brave task set for me especially because I have many goals in life. I must learn to set aside personal interests. I must learn to be responsible for my welfare and be even more responsible for the welfare of others, my children. I have learned these things. I have learned to look at things positively and I have learned to do everything to make my goals attainable. I am a real estate agent with backgrounds in engineering and real estate. I have been exposed to different people with different stories. I have learned that though I am already a mother, I should not let my hopes die. Thus, I have made a decision to study law particularly intellectual property law. I am a mother and I should be good at making the right decisions for the good of my children. They serve as my inspiration to fulfill these dreams because by doing such, I am not only securing a bright future for myself but also of my children. As new opportunities decrease due to the high qualifications, it is hard for me, a single parent, to provide the necessities of my children. It is in this light that I request that you consider my admission to your law school to be competent in today’s world. By letting me study in your law school, you open to me a future that I can shape. I am not saying these for you to take pity on me I sat these because it is the truth. By accepting me, you have not only made a difference in my life but also to my children as well. By considering me as a student you will help me and my children make our dreams into realities. Thank you and Godbless How to cite I am Dina Maqdadi and I am not your traditional student, Papers

Research Paper †Sex Education in Public Schools free essay sample

Research Paper – Sex Education in Public Schools It’s been a number of days since I’ve written here, and for that I have to answer that there have been a number of projects under works that I’ve had to tend to. For now, I will take the time to show you a research paper I’ve spent most of the day writing for my Comp I class. Sex Education in Public Schools Sex education in public schools here in the United States has, for at least the past decade, supported and utilized abstinence-only sex education programs to be taught throughout both intermediate schools and high schools. Though during the entire time that abstinence-only programs have been used, there has been a constant debate among both parents and educational authorities how to approach a better way of conducting sex education. The question has risen of whether or not abstinence-only programs actually aid the decrease of teen pregnancy, prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, or are giving children the education that their own parents would have wanted them to have on the subject matter. Comprehensive sex education seems, after evidence presented, to be the more effective method in aiding these issues. First, the issue of whether sex education should even be taught in schools. During a recent poll, results showed that only about 7% of Americans do not want sex education being taught in schools at all, while the other majority percentage clearly stated that they believe at least some information about sex education should be taught in schools (aâ‚ ¬? Sex Education in Americaaâ‚ ¬? ). Many have asked the question, or made the implication, however, that perhaps sex should not be talked about in public school, but only at homes with the children and their parents. Another ironic point also shows that most parents are uncomfortable talking to their children about sex and sexuality. Personal experiences are documented in a number of places in regards to the experiences of both the children and the parents feeling uncomfortable when the subject of sex is discussed. Still, many also say that even through both the discomfort in the discussions, as well as the education that is received in schools, parents take on a large role in helping to solve the future generations and their involvement with societyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sex education problems. Ellen Goodman of The Boston Globe writes on parents: For a long time, parents of teenagers have been cast as the beleaguered, hapless characters whose voices are barely heard and rarely respected in a cacophony of peers, pop culture, and body piercers. Mothers and fathers, we are told, are road kill on the way to adulthood. [. . . ] But the study went through all the research on the role parents play in the teenagersaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lives and what impact they have on their childrenaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sexual activity. It turns out that parents are a remarkably effective antipregnancy program. The greater the closeness of parent and child, the lower the pregnancy rate. (18) Given this information, it would make sense to infer that the more information the populace is given in regards to sex, and especially in parents to give to their children, the better off the children will be in their sexual health. Teen pregnancy rates in the United States exceed rates in nearly all other industrialized nations, aâ‚ ¬? The U. S. still leads the fully industrialized world in teen pregnancy and birth rates aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" by a wide margin. In fact, the U. S. rates nearly double Great Britainaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, at least four times those of France and Germany, and more than ten times that of Japanaâ‚ ¬? (Espejo 80). This being said, there is an ongoing slew of research which points to both a change of mindset to something more prominent of what was seen in the past, as well as more information being given to teens to be prepared for making intelligent decisions. Maggie Gallagher writes in The Age of Unwed Mothers: The teen pregnancy problem in our society is inseparable from a much larger marriage problem. Changing adult ideas about marriage and its relationship to procreation have directly guided the entire cluster of trends in teen behavior aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including rising rates of unmarried sex, weak motivation to use contraceptives, rising ages of marriage, and sharp declines in both legitimation and adoption aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that we currently describe, somewhat misleadingly, as our crisis of teen pregnancy. (91) Teen pregnancy rates have seen both falls and climbs in the past number of decades, and much of the time it has been difficult to pinpoint the cause of these rate changes. When the pregnancy rate decreases, both sides of the argument often take credit, one side saying that it was because of a lack of abstinence-only sex education, another side saying it was because of a reinforcement or fulfillment in abstinence-only sex education. In the Introduction to the Opposing Viewpoints seriesaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Teen Sexuality: Defenders of traditional sex education programs point to these statistics and argue that Congressaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proposed changes to sex education are unnecessary. However, a second study by another Michael Resnick of the University of Minnesota provides another explanation for the drop in teen sexual activity. According to Resnick, parents who spend time with their children and make their values clear are more likely to have children who forgo sex, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and violence. aâ‚ ¬? Itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more than the physical presence of parents, the number of hours a day theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re in the home,aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Resnick contends. aâ‚ ¬? Its their emotional availability. â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (13-14) The more information and supportive relationships from the important authoritative figures in teensaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lives will allow them to make more beneficial decisions in regards to sex teen pregnancy. Perhaps one of the largest concerns in teen sexual activity and what method of sex education would be best in preventing it, is that of sexually transmitted diseases, or aâ‚ ¬? STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Abstinence-o nly programs usually do not give out free condoms in addition to their teachings, as many often view this as contradictory. Through a number of studies it was said, aâ‚ ¬? The big change was that the sexually active boys were more likely to be using condoms, and virgins were much more likely to plan to use condoms when they have their first vaginal intercourseaâ‚ ¬? (Roleff 16). And while some would claim that contraceptives only encourage more sexual activity than would take place without contraception, another study showed that the rate of sexual activity for aâ‚ ¬? both sets of teens was about 50 percent. â‚ ¬? Clearly the decision to encourage the use of contraception when sexual activity occurs would be the ideal choice, given this information. By definition, abstinence states that you should abstain from all sexual activity, and abstinence-only programs stress that this is the only 100% safe way to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, but it is implied in increased use of condoms that there will be a decrease in the transmission of STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. While some have claimed that condoms can often fail in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, Ceci Conolly of the Washington Post wrote in the article Some Abstinence Programs Mislead Teens, aâ‚ ¬? Among the falsehoods cited by Waxmanaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investigators: Condoms fail to prevent HIV transmission as often as 31 percent of the time in heterosexual intercourse. The U. S. Centers for Disease Control Centers has said, aâ‚ ¬? Laboratory studies have demonstrated that latex condoms provide an essentially impermeable barrier to particles the size of STD pathogensaâ‚ ¬? aâ‚ ¬? 10 Reasons to Use a Condom, Any Condomaâ‚ ¬? ). While many abstinence-only education programs teach the consequences of these programs, not all schools using abstinence-only education speak in full truth about condoms or speak in encouragement to using condoms even though they have proven to be effective in preventing the spread of STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. While schools do need to h ave a role, the cultural and societal shift seen in parental involvement has presented a change in sexual health among teens. The high rate of teen pregnancy in the United States can better be improved through comprehensive information given to teens, the availability of contraceptives, and once again aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the relationship children have to their parents. Condoms can aid in the prevention of spreading sexually transmitted diseases, yet too few schools offer both the availability of condoms nor information on condoms themselves. Abstinence-only education serves well to emphasize that abstinence is the only certain way to prevent pregnancy and STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. However, comprehensive sex education can include an emphasis on abstinence while still equipping teens to make intelligent decisions about sex, reducing the teen pregnancy rate, and reducing the spread of STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Works Cited aâ‚ ¬? 10 Reasons to Use a Condom. Any Condom. aâ‚ ¬? Trojan Brand Condoms. Trojan Condoms. 26 November 2006 Conolly, Ceci. aâ‚ ¬? Some Abstinence Only Programs Mislead Teens, Reports Say. aâ‚ ¬? WashingtonPost. com. The Washington Post. 6 November 2006 Espejo, Roman. Americaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Youth. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Gallagher, Maggie. The Age of Unwed Mothers:Is Teen Pregnancy a Problem? New York: Institute for American Values, 1999 Goodman, Ellen. aâ‚ ¬? Why Teen Prengnancy is Down. aâ‚ ¬? The Boston Globe. 24 May 1998. Roleff, Tamara L. ed. Teenage Sexuality. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. aâ‚ ¬? Sex Education in America. aâ‚ ¬? NPR/Kaiser/Kennedy School. The Kaiser Family Foundation. 26 November 2006