Essay about The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping...

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of Behavior The nature/nurture investigation has been studied for many years by psychologists and it is a subject that is still in debate today. It brings up the question, how is our behaviour shaped, and the two sides of the answer are nature and nurture. Behaviour in the context of a human being can be described as; the way humans act and think in situations. What is meant by nature and nurture? Nature is the word used to describe the biological aspects that shape behaviour, for example genes. Nurture is the word used to describe the social aspects that shape behaviour, for example interaction with parents. This essay will cover both sides of†¦show more content†¦As well as Freud, others in this field believe it is hidden psychodynamic forces, or unconscious activities that shape human behaviour and thought. Freud believed that to understand behaviour you must be able to look at this inner most element of a person. Another theory that relates to the nature side of the nature/nurture debate is the trait approach. The trait theory was founded by a colleague of Freud called Carl Jung. There are many detailed aspects to this theory but one main one is that Jung believed these traits to be â€Å"inborn†. Many tests have been created over the years, theorists believe behaviour is shaped by opposites, for example: being either introvert (prefer the world inside yourself) or extrovert (prefer the outside world) would shape your behaviour. Others include: thinking or feeling and judging or perceiving. The trait theorists believe that these traits are built in us when we are born. A theory on the side of nature is the social learning theory. These theorists, that include Albert Bandura believed that people learn in a social environment. It is a theory that states in social situations people’s behaviour models the circumstances they are in. Bandura stated that this was done by â€Å"environmental reinforcement†. For example, a person changing the way they look to fit in, and subsequently getting accepted by the group. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Field And The Science Field942 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods towards a more viable and logical type of treatment such as medicine. The more abstract counterpart would be psychology, where the focus is not the chemical imbalances in the brain or any of those effects rather it focuses on the behavior process and the influence of people s behaviors and their stimulus. Mental illness is a very real problem, and it affects society and the world in various ways. These humans are often afflicted by the mental illnesses in their brains that make themRead MoreThe Nervous System And Controversy1143 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolving the nervous system stands in controversy. Just as the nature verses nurture debate explaining the nervous system involves researcher investigate the areas of the brain and spinal cord affected by disorders ,as well as the genetic factors, and environment factors involved in order to synthesize an understanding of the nervous system ‘s function (Gilbert, 2002). Construction of the Nervous System and Its Role in Shaping Behaviors There are two main divisions that comprise the nervousRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture994 Words   |  4 PagesNature and Nurture: How They Interact in Human Development Nature or Nurture, which of these are the most important in shaping who we are? â€Å"Are genetics or environmental factors more important?† (Berk, 2014, p. 5) Researchers have been arguing whether nature or nurture is the most influential force in shaping human beings for a long time. The answer seems to be a complex combination of both nature and nurture. One thing that everybody can agree on is that human beings are more than the sum of ourRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1218 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent people with different interests and preferences? Or did the environments that they grew up in play a part in making who they are? In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature proclaims that our genetic make-up plays the primary role in human development, while nurture declares that our environment dictates our development. The nature vs. nurture controversy is an age old question in the scientific and psychological world with both camps having evidence to support their theories. The controversyRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbackground plays more of a role in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual. Throughout this paper the effects of environmental and genetics factors on a person will be discussedRead MoreHuman Behavior: Nature vs. Nurture Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pageshave argued the Nature versus Nurture debate for decades. This debate is about the degree to which our environment and heredity, affects our behavior and developmental stages. According to this debate, nature can be described as, the behavior of a person is occurring because of their genetic makeup. Since the behavior of a person is due to their genetic makeup, then, it (nature) should also influence a person’s growth and development for the duration of their life. However, the nurture side of the debateRead MoreNature And Nurture s Effect On Behavior1690 Words   |  7 Pages Reaction Paper Two Nature and Nurture’s Effect on Behavior Katelyn M. Buchanan Ball State University PSYS 100:002 Hypothesis: The environment a child is raised in has a greater effect on their behavior than the nurture the child receives from their parents. My Initial Hypothesis The influence of one’s environment versus the influence of one’s parents and home life may not seem to be much of importance to the average individual. Prior to learning more about human psychological developmentRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture By Francis Galton1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyour environment just as much as your genes.† (Rich, 2015) In 1869, the phrase â€Å"nature vs. nurture was coined by an English polymath named Francis Galton. There are two sides to this debate, each with their own pros and con’s. Nature is the side that argues that the DNA and genotype humans are born with determines who they are and what personality and traits they will have throughout their lifetime. Whereas the nurture side of the debate argues that humans are born with sponges as minds, and throughRead MoreThe Role of Parents in Shaping a Child ´s Future Essay examples1239 Words   |  5 Pages I. My Question The topic I intend to research is the role of parents in shaping a child’s future. This paper will examine the idea of nature vs. nurture and relationships between parents and children in the play Romeo and Juliet and the modern world. I decided upon researching this topic because I find it fascinating that both personality characteristics and social and ideological beliefs are passed from parent to children, whether genetically, or simply the manner in which the child is raisedRead MoreNature vs Nurture, a Not Quite a Twin1684 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs Nurture A Not Quite Twin Study Tamara Richardson Seminole State College of Florida Abstract This paper is going to discuss the Nature vs Nurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. Interviews

Television And Commercialism Essay - 1544 Words

Television and Commercialism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Television is populated with images which are superficial and lack depth. Programs look more like ads and ads look more like programs. All this leads to a close circle of consumerism. The three excerpts relate to these unifying ideas thus the validity of their argument. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Surface is all; what you see is what you get. These images are proud of their standing as images. They suggest that the highest destiny of our time is to become cleansed of depth and specificity altogether.quot; (1). We live in a world populated by images. Childrens television has concocted small, preset groups of images such as rainbows for happiness, red hearts for warmth,†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Television, with all its highly touted diversity, seems to becoming more of a piece, more a set of permutations of a single cultural constant: television, our debased currency.quot; (4). TV looks like TV and when you look at it deeper it takes you back to itself, this is referred to as homogeneity. quot;But even as television becomes television—plus, it remains the national dream factory, bulletin board, fun house mirror for distorted images of our national desires and fears...And yet non of the metaphors seems quite right, because finally television is not quite anything else. It is just—television.quot; (5). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ads are becoming to look more like programs with the use of narrative strategies called quot;mini- narratives.quot; This strategy is used in a particular Pepsi commercial which models the TV show Miami Vice. It features Don Johnson and the music of Glenn Fry. It is almost as if the commercial is a three minute episode of the show. Similarly programs are beginning to look like ads. When Price Adam pulls out his sword in the show He-Man, he is encircled with lively, lightning flashes as he shouts in a deep, echoing, voice, quot;By the power of Grayskull... I have the power!quot; He then transforms into He-Man . This appears to be a commercial for the He-Man action figure and sword of power. There is a history behind program—length commercial. A cartoon Hot Wheels , which is also the name of aShow MoreRelatedConsumerism And Free Market Economy1509 Words   |  7 Pageswatching television, reading a magazine, or watching a sporting event without being flooded with the images of commercialism. Messages in our televisions and print sources that encourages us to buy are created by people who uses their talent to speak to both our conscious and subconscious desires. The products that we buy, the food that we consume, the clothes and shoes that we wear, and our everyday lives are influenced by commercialism. Proponents for commercialism can argue that commercialism as essentialRead MoreReality Television and the Dance World Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesexistence of the dance world, but they do not know much past that. T he assistance of reality television shows, such as Dance Moms, So You Think You Can Dance, and Dancing with the Stars, present the inner workings of the dance community to the general public. Unfortunately, the publicity can change how society perceives the dance world. Reality television affected the dance world by contributing an air of commercialism to it, influencing younger dancers to suppose the main focus should be in the eye-poppingRead More Music Television: Modern Phenomenon or Passing Fad? Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesMusic Television: Modern Phenomenon or Passing Fad?    Dr. Pitton’s Comments: This student was asked in this essay to write about the causes of a modern phenomena. In active prose, she did an excellent job both of detailing the popularity of music television in todays society and offering a variety of creative and innovative reasons for this effect.    MTV promotes a romanticized teen lifestyle, reflecting the images of famous artists that differ with the realities ofRead MoreEssay about Exploitative Commercials in Children’s TV Programming1359 Words   |  6 PagesObesity. Violence. For kids today in the United States, these are only a few of the problems linked to the child-targeted mass media, especially the multi- million dollar business—television commercials in children’s programming. With the disappearance of a TV-free environment, a typical American kid sees about 40,000 television advertisements each year, most of which are for soda, candy, video games, fast food and their free toys. In order to collect some information, I sat down on a Saturday morningRead MoreTelevision Advertising Effects1153 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision has a tremendous impact on the American culture. Even though television has positive effects, the negative effects of television outweigh the positive effects. The maj ority of television watched is through advertisements. Television advertisements have a great impact on Americans, especially the youth. In fact, a young person views 40,000 television advertisements per year (Committee on Communications). Concerning a child’s developing cognition and social pressures, television advertisementsRead MoreMultiracial Identity in Essays by Julia Alvarez and Danzy Senna876 Words   |  4 Pagesemergence in the mainstream is unlikely to be due to a more liberal attitude towards multicultural, multiethnic themes. The recent, newly found popularity demonstrates more of a realization that companies can exploit multiracialism for a profit. Commercialism exploits and co-opts the theme of multiculturalism in the name of profit. It glamorizes people who reveal their multicultural or multiracial background and makes them look exotic. However, it is imperative to understand, that these motives areRead MoreThe Modern Mentality Regarding the View of Art 1008 Words   |  5 Pageswhat art is; but really, what is art to us? Is it a good picture? Is it a catchy tune? Or is it the creativity in the creation of art itself? The effort put into trying to create art? Today, art has become such a general term. The onslaught of commercialism, hyper-stimulation, and modernization has caused people to lose an appreciation for art held by our forefathers, an appreciation that is caused by and affects much more than simply the way we view art, an appreciation that we need to re- Read MoreThe Theme Of Commercialism In White Noise By Don Delillo1547 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst the reality of life and death. One key message becomes clear early on in the book: The role of blinding commercialism in peoples lives provides comfort in its thoughtlessness. Commercialism does not encourage deep thought by any means, it instead preys on the quick impulses of the human mind. Murray points this out when talking to Jack about his students and their dislike of television, â€Å"‘Look at the wealth of data concealed in the grid, in the bright packaging, the jingles, the slice-of-lifeRead MoreStructural Changes To Programming To Attract Audiences .1785 Words   |  8 Pagespropaganda promoting commercialism, the changing of the structure of programming in efforts to direct attention to advertisements also demonstrates this focus. The structure of television programming often consists of cliff hangers, the use of commercial breaks, banners, and sensationalism to attract as many audience members as possible. In Paul Nesbitt-Larking’s book Politics, Society, and the Media, he quotes polit ical and communications scholar Dallas Smythe who â€Å"refers to television programming asRead MoreChildhood Obesity: Fast Food Companies Are To Blame Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the factors that is usually overlooked in the cause for obesity is the role of television. Not only does it reduce the amount of physical activity, the advertisements and commercials are targeting innocent viewers. In a survey completed by Gary Ruskin of Commercial Alert, the average child watches nearly 19 hours and 40 minutes of television a week (Ruskin 2). With that amount of time spent watching television, advertisements for fast food will be entering the children’s minds. Commercials

Deja Vu Essay Example For Students

Deja Vu Essay Dj vu, this term has been around for quite awhile now, but what exactly does it mean. Many of us use this term in conversation and writing with out knowing the correct meaning of the word, or even what it truly is. The word dj vu has basically become a cover-all label for any hard to explain occurrences which have an eerie and unexpected recognition, or just someone having trouble identifying the events that seem so strangely and intensely familiar. I hope my paper can help put a stop to that and give people some insight to what exactly this phenomena is. Dj vu has been mistaken for many other associations ranging from reincarnation to temporal lobe epilepsy. So many so, that the people who study it would like to do away with the term dj vu and draw attention to the 3 more specifics forms which are: 1 Dj Vecu, 2 Dj Senti, and 3 Dj Visite. Being that the first to investigate these phenomena were the French, the names remain in French. First off, lets discuss Dj Vecu, which means already experienced or lived though. This can be described best in quote from Charles Dickens, We have all some experience of a feeling, that comes over us occasionally, of what we are saying and doing having been said and done before, in a remote time of our having been surrounded, dim ages ago, by the same faces, objects and circumstances of our knowing perfectly what will be said next as if we suddenly remember it! When people have this feeling mentioned above, they call it dj vu if they even know a name for it at all. One third of the population have had such or similar experiences and surveys have shown that such experiences tend to occur more frequently and more intensely in younger peoplebetween ages 15 25. In that group, the phenomenon is so striking the memory of the occurrence lasts for years. This is because these experiences dont just involve one of the senses, like sightit also includes hearing, touch, and taste. Thats the reason it should not be referred to as simply dj vu any longer, dj vecu describes it much better. Another feature of dj vecu is that, along with amazing detail being involved, you are totally conscious that everything conforms to your memory of it when you are in the midst of the occurrence. This rules out that the person could have just read about or experienced something similar because the detail wouldnt be so great. This also rules out an explanation based on reincarnation and past lives because the typical dj veca experience is of an everyday activity like grocery shopping or driving in your car listening to your favorite CD, but in a previous life those types of activities would be nothing alike because of the time factor. Modern physicists are beginning to believe the notion of time loops and multiple universes are not as farfetched as it might seem at first glance. But most are sticking with the thoughts of precognitive knowledge via visions and dreams. The next form of dj, Dj Senti means already felt. 3 key features make it very easy to distinguish between this and the other forms: A. Dj senti is primarily a mental happening, B. There are no precognitive aspects in which the person feels he or she knows in advance what will be said or done, and C. It seldom remains in the afflicted persons memory long afterwards. Also, dj senti can appear in the beginning of a temporal lobe epilepsy attack. .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .postImageUrl , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:visited , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:active { border:0!important; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:active , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Role of parenting EssayThe final form of Dj is dj visite or already visited. This occurs more rarely then other dj. This is when a person will go to a new location they have never been before, yet they still find it familiar and knows their way around completely. Dj visite has to do with the 3 spatial dimensions, height, width, and depth. To distinguish this from dj vecu you have to ask if it purely about inanimate objects and buildings or does the person play a role in the location. Some explanations for dj visite are, the person could have once read a detail account of the place and forgotten. Some say reincarnation could play a role in this or even an out-of-body experi ence allowed them to visit the place before. One more thing to mention is that a mixed occurrence of the 3 dj can occur. Now that you know there are different forms of dj and what exactly they are you can to take notice to that eerie feeling you get while waiting in line at the mall or eating out at a new restaurant. You can try to figure out if it truly is dj, or a coincidence. Maybe now you will believe too. Bibliography:

Prince Al

Executive Summary Entrepreneurship is today an important aspect of our economy. Development of business channels is a complex phenomenon influenced by both the internal and external factors. An Entrepreneur is defined as a person who organizes and manages all business undertakings whereby he/she assumes the risks for the sake of making a profit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Mirjam van Praag (2005, 41), a successful entrepreneur and author, â€Å"The entrepreneur is our visionary, the creator in each of us. We’re born with that quality and it defines our lives as we respond to what we see, hear, feel, and experience. An entrepreneur is a person who ventures out, one who prefers change as a means of growth and is prepared to take risks and is aware of the possibility of success as well as the consequences of failure. John (2007) sta tes that internal factors originate in policies and attitude of the entrepreneur themselves in controlling the business, external factors are always beyond the control of the entrepreneur, therefore these are what account for unpredictability of returns and risks assumed by the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial motivation is regarded as one of the most important factors in becoming a successful entrepreneur. It is a factor which accelerates the pace of economic development by bringing the people to undertake risk bearing activities to make profits. Many countries tend to give more attention to the development of entrepreneurship because it is not the propriety quality of any individual caste or community (Economic East Economic Digest ltd, 2007) Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal Prince Al- Waleed Bin Talal is the founding owner of a renowned investment company known as Kingdom Holding Company. He is an entrepreneur and international investor, according to Forbes 2009; he is rated to be worth o ver 28 billion dollars making him among the 25 richest people in the world. He was â€Å"born on March 7th, 1955 in a royal family and he is the son to Prince Talal the son of Saudis founding King Abdul Azizi Al Saud and Princess Mona El-Solh who was the daughter of Riad El-solh the first prime minister of modern day Lebanon and a leader of the Lebanese independence† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 49).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He attended King Abdul Aziz Military academy as this is the place his father thought would instill discipline to this son who later moved to United States of America to peruse his higher education. He graduated â€Å"from Menlo College in 1979 with a bachelor’s degree in science in business administration and a Masters in Social Science from Maxwell School of Syracuse University† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 49). Prince Al-Waleed, as he is co mmonly known, has cumulated his fortune through investing in properties and stocks. Kingdom holding contains his investment companies such as CitiGroup and News Corp. He has a variety of businesses ranging from health, I.T companies, resorts and entertainment thus he is an entrepreneur whom I admire the most because for a long time the royal family of Saudi Arabia has been an embracement because of how extravagant they have been most especially after Saudi Arabia helped Iraq invade Kuwait back in 1990. The prince clearly is a generous and resourceful person who is also very philanthropic. Moreover, he has demonstrated that by his own hard work and intelligence whereby he can gain larges amounts of wealth through his own investments even though he is a Prince (Rick Kuratko 2010, 43). His impact to the world The world acknowledges and praises the prince efforts as he is admired all over the world and is termed as a long term investor who has the ability to also recognize the underrat ed companies. According to the time magazine, he is referred to as â€Å"Arabian Warren Buffet. People became more acquitted with him after the September 11 attacks in United States when he presented a check worth $10 million dollars as his effort relief for the Twin Towers to the city mayor Rudy Giuliani. He presented gifts as a way of promoting the study of Islam and Muslim culture to America’s Harvard and Georgetown Universities. The gifts were estimated to cost $ 20 million U.S. dollars each. Georgetown University recorded the gift as the 2nd major donation in its entire history while in Harvard it was among the 25th major contributions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He has made various financial contributions to various charitable activities across the world especially in the Middle East Asia and Africa. His Annual contributions are estim ated to be worth $100 million dollars much of which are used in educational fields in a bid to try to bridge the gap between western and Islamic communities. He does this through â€Å"contributing and funding centers of American studies and research in universities in the Middle East and centers of Islamic studies in American universities† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 69). Prince Alwaleed drive to Success The prince did not involve himself with politics even though he was from the royal reign. He has been outspoken because of his views in disapproving traditional political practices thus he desired to be self employed and have the ability to invest as much as he could; these are the main reasons why he instead chose to involve himself in business and financial fields. The period in which Saudi Arabia experienced an oil boom marked the beginning of the Prince’s business venture. He returned to Saudi Arabia in the early 1980s soon after completing his studies in a bid to benefi t from the rising oil boom. His father gave him $ 30,000 to start his own business and build a house. Bin Talal sold the house and invested the money in construction focusing on real estate. His first venture was and is still known as Kingdom Investment Establishment where the gains from the business were promising as he was able to make profits from his ventures. He continued to build his fortune through making his investments in brand name companies which he considered the market had failed to appreciate them. Companies like, Time Warner Inc., Forbes magazine, Apple Inc and News Corp which were estimated to be worth $21 billion are some of the brand name companies he invested on. He is an entrepreneur who invests with a vision for long-term return in addition; his personality can be described as simple, articulate and energetic as he attributes his passion to success, performance, and achievement. When the shares appreciate according to Al-Waleed, he sees this as the ‘ultima te kick’ as his investments are those that provide long-term returns.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alwaleed’s fame as an international investor came when he invested with the Citicorp (Citibank) during a recession period which had seen a sharp fall in its stock price. This investment saw him invest $590 million dollars making him the largest share holder. Citibank is an investment that made him earn 20 times more its value from $590 million to $7 billion in stock. This furnished his reputation as a savvy investor and a banker. In 2007 these stocks values were said to cost averagely each $42 as compared to $2.98 at the time of the recession according to Bloomberg records (Gerald 2005, 96). Besides investing in brand names Al-Waleed was very articulate with providing his company with an excellent and strong management team that would help in executing successful recovery plans since most of the companies he had invested in were facing difficulties. According to him, these companies were not badly off; instead all they needed was some amount of money and guidance in managemen t for them to succeed. His management qualities consist of integrity, openness having a good strategy, straight forwardness and the ability to come up with good management plans. (Rick Kuratko 2010, 97) The prince, like many other successful entrepreneurs invest for long term purposes. He states that, â€Å"There are some assets I would never sell,† he says. â€Å"My Citigroup shares will never be sold; my Four Seasons [the luxury hotel group] shares will never be sold; some of my strategic hotels, for example the George V, will never be sold. My News Corporation shares will never be sold and my Time Warner shares will never be sold† (Peter 2008, 29). His reason for holding onto his shares is for the basis that their costs are very high in terms of entry barrier. For this reason, it would be challenging for their competitors to outdo them since they hold and have their respective market share to themselves. From what he makes as his annual income which is approximatel y $ 500 (dividends only), he is able to obtain massive plunder by keeping a hold of his shares. What he finds as his biggest challenge is the ability to find new opportunities, that’s the reason why he has at least 10 very close advisors, five of whom are working in the Citigroup banking team which is responsible for assisting him makes solemn decisions. He believes in working with a team of critical thinkers who don’t necessarily have to agree to all his suggestions although he has the final word on decisions concerning his investments (Mirjam van Praag 2005, 45). Challenges faced by prince Al- Waleed Success comes with its challenges, although Al-Waleed is a great investor and entrepreneur, he has made his mistakes from time to time. It is clear that having to look after so many companies is not an easy task as there will not be any given time that all the companies will be running smoothly. A good example is when the Citigroup shares depreciated stimulating the valu e of his holding down by $ 640 million. From his perspective in tackling a challenge like this one, one is advised not to sell as he says â€Å"When there is panic am always happy†. To get out of the crisis his strategy was based on not selling while explaining that the greatest deals can be established straight afterwards. He does not panic in times of crisis since he believes in long term investments. Prince Alwaleed attributes his success to his ability to ensure that once he sets his mind to doing something he commits himself and does it spectacularly if not he really does not do anything at all. Nevertheless, he has faced a lot of challenges in his line of business and still continues to face them. One of the major challenges that he faces as an international investor is the numerous policies and bureaucracies set up by foreign government where his investments are based. These bureaucracies usually make it hard for him to run business effectively as many rules and framew orks placed by the governments slow down the rate of business operations and even increase the cost of operations. In addition, the bureaucracies have also affected the quality of human resource in his companies as some of the policies require that any foreign owned company ought to employ a certain percentage of the local population and it also further checks on the maximum amount of shares that a foreigner can own in a locally based company. In addition, fluctuations of dollar rates usually affect the worth of his investments thus resulting in sudden decrease in revenues or worth of shares in a certain company. More recently, he was greatly affected by the recession an issue that saw him record major losses in his companies for instance, Citigroup. Examples of other relevant entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial examples Steve Jobs is also considered as one of the greatest entrepreneurs. He dropped out from college after he felt school was not helping him figure out what he wanted to do in life. Today he runs a company which records over $300 billion in the market cap. Steve chairs the board of Apple, a company he co-founded in 1976, which is a leading manufacturer of technological gadgets revolutionizing iPod and its family of iPod media players and iTunes media stores† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 49). He believes in relying on ones own instincts as a way of making very reasonable and effective decisions other than relying on logic reasoning. Steve explains that following ones gut feelings is an excellent strategy for entrepreneurial success that is why he dropped out of college in a quest to try to overtly chart a course for his life by making eccentric decisions by relying on his gut feeling. At 20, he and his friend Steve Wozniak, a brilliant engineer, started their own company in a garage and named it Apple I. The duo uniquely merged an artist finest and an engineer’s vision to build what today is one of the greatest companies in America. Steve is con sidered as one of the most successful entrepreneurs in American history and he is described by his workers and colleagues as captivating, creative thinker, hardnosed and a perfectionist. His biggest dream was having a world existing in technological era and he worked towards this goal driving it to success. He is also considered a hard-edged businessman and very good negotiator in our time. In addition he was able to change the course of personal computers after inventing apple the first computer to feature a mouse and a graphical UI, transforming the mobile market. He has gone through failures during his work time. His apple company was facing stiff competition from its rival company IBM loosing major sales thus to increase the company’s sales, a new creation was invented named Lisa however, it was a total failure. They invented another machine known as Macintosh and it became a total success through Jobs push for the completion of the project (CQ Press 2003, 143). He was on ce kicked out of Apples Company after a dispute in 1985 when he was fired but he did not lose faith although he sold $ 20 million worth of his stock. To him his failure was a new beginning for success as he was able to start a new creative period of his life. Steve spent the next few years working on his new companies NeXT and Pixar which were a great success. With his great negotiating skills he was able to convince Apple to buy neXT at a time when Apple was experiencing immense competition from Microsoft. Convincing apple to buy neXT would be an opportunity to make a new software foundation of next- generation Mac Operating Systems whereby afterwards he was then made the CEO at Apple’s which returned immense profits including introducing new innovations like iPod. According to him, what kept him going was his love for the kind of work he was doing as he believed that for an individual to be truly satisfied one had to believe in great work. Key entrepreneurial attributes tha t contribute to Prince Al-weed success Sir Winston Churchill quotes, â€Å"Success is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm†. To be a successful entrepreneur one has to continue aspiring to achieve their goals despite the setbacks that recur. To become a successful entrepreneur and business leader one must show relevant characteristics that describe one as a leader (Neil 2010, 56). These characteristics include; self esteem which means that an individual regards him/herself as of great value to enable one face up tough challenges. An entrepreneur has to have the need to achieve which is defined as the passion and ability to achieve set goals. These individuals show openness to feedback, they are focused and goal oriented and their biggest desire is to achieve and accomplish their goals based on their own efforts. Business leaders and successful entrepreneurs are keen in screening for opportunity, the ability to know what is useful and what is useless. Succes sful entrepreneurs’ are known to screen information as they seek for new growth opportunities. This is one of Al-Waleed strategy in becoming a successful entrepreneur. In the business world it is common to see a businesses being established but it does not last for long. Peter (2008, 20) states â€Å"successful people are those that last tend to share a common characteristic, the ability to relentlessly oversee that they accomplish their goals.† Successful entrepreneurs like Al-waleed define their targets which they understand very well by putting priorities first as they work. Successful entrepreneurs’ are also bound to be optimistic individuals, when they are faced with challenges; they view it as a new opportunity to set new directions. Courage is another characteristic of successful entrepreneurs, most successful entrepreneurs’ are not afraid to take risks (David 2003, 49). For one to take that step to build a company basically from the ground, it req uires a lot of courage especially because of the many challenges one is thought to pass through as the business thrives. Entrepreneurs are encouraged to have low tolerance for ambiguity to incline towards establishing large organizations also many entrepreneurs regard motivation as a very import aspect in defining a successful entrepreneur. Motivation factors are both internal and external things like needs, desires will power rewards, punishments failures, these contribute to an entrepreneurs’ ability to keep on striving despite the challenges and views of others. These are some of the characteristics that Prince Al-Waleed has portrayed over the years since he established his own company. Prince Al-Waleed potential future moves Prince Al- Waleed bin Talal announced his plans to build the world’s tallest tower signing a $ 1.2 billion contract, a building that is said to be more than 3,280 sq feet. He is also involved in significant holdings which include Apple Computer , Priceline, Plant Hollywood and Euro Disney among others. In addition, his foundation is one of his greatest achievements and in future, the foundation is planning to introduce new projects as it develops the existing ones as it also tries to alleviate poverty in affected areas. The foundation is also responsible of providing humanitarian services by responding to natural disasters and promoting cultural initiatives as he tries to unite Muslims and Christians (The Architects’ journal 2005, 15). The Saudi billionaire has also invested to become one of the biggest share holders with about 5.8 % of the media shares of News Corp, the parent company of Fox News and Dow Jones Co. This figure is what he aims to expand his alliances with the great media organizations in a way to establish growth. During the global meltdown, his investments faced challenges that forced him to transfer about 180 million of his shares from Citigroup to Kingdom holding. According to him this step would enable future growth since it was valued to cost about $600 million. Concluding remarks on Prince AL-Waleed entrepreneur Prince Al-Waleed is an individual who sets a goal and is ready to achieve them by all means. The goals he sets, he pursues them with an unremitting obstinacy and particulate of purpose. His investments in the dot-com boom like investing in eBay, Amazon among others have raised the share holding profits. After the September 11th attacks Al-Waleed increased his shareholdings in Citigroup and Time Warner by $1 billion. He talks about his investments with such fondness as he believes in helping those in need. Explaining that the Islam law orders that one should give to charitable trust 2.5% of a certain fraction of an individual’s assets, he therefore donates $ 100 for charity and good cause annually. â€Å"I believe,† Al-Waleed says, â€Å"that every person, when God gives them all these blessings, has a responsibility to give back to the world. You c an’t just stack money – it is not right.† Finally, Successful entrepreneurs invest for long term purposes that are what Al-Waleed goals are when making his investments. References CQ Press., 2003. Global issues: selections from The CQ researcher Edition2, New York, NY: CQ Press. David, S., 2003. Successful Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Jeffrey Norton Pub. Economic East Economic Digest, 2007. â€Å"Entrepreneur.† MEED. Volume 51, Issues 18-25 Gerald L. P., 2005. Secrets of the kingdom: the inside story of the Saudi-U.S. connection. New York, NY: Random House. Greenwood Publishing Group. John, B., 2007. A psychological typology of successful entrepreneurs. London: McGraw Hill. Mirjam van Praag, J., 2005.Successful entrepreneurship: confronting economic theory with empirical practice. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Neil, L., 2010. 100 Rules for Entrepreneurs: Real-life Business Lessons. New York, NY: Cengage. Peter C., 2008. â€Å"Opportunity Dubai: Maki ng a Fortune in the Middle East.† Harriman House Series Vol 5, issues 18-23. Rick, H., Kuratko, D., 2010. Entrepreneurship: Theory Process and Practice, 2nd Edition. Sydney: Cengage Learning. The Architects’ journal, 2005. Buildings of 21st century. New York, NY: Architectural Press ltd. This essay on Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal was written and submitted by user Britney Jarvis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How important are bonds and promises in The Merchant of Venice Essays

How important are bonds and promises in The Merchant of Venice Essays How important are bonds and promises in The Merchant of Venice Essay How important are bonds and promises in The Merchant of Venice Essay Essay Topic: Merchant Of Venice Play The theme of bonds and promises referred to in the above question plays a key role in the The Merchant of Venice. It is play concerning the conflict and the legal bond between Antonio and Shylock as the main focus. Antonio, the merchant of Venice, is a generous man who promises to pay Shylock the money borrowed by his fellow friend Bassanio or else allow Shylock to cut off a pound of his flesh. Shylock, the moneylender, is despised because of his greed and also because he is a Jew. He is Antonios rival, and when the money he lent to Bassanio is not repaid he demands the pound of flesh that Antonio promised as a forfeit. This promise is written in a legally binding bond to which Shylock has every right to claim. We will now examine the outcomes from the promises in more detail. In Act 1 Scene 1 we meet Antonios closest friend, Bassanio, who he admits spending a great deal of money and tries to seek even more so that he can visit Portia, a rich heiress that he is in love with. We discover that there is friendship, loyalty, and trust between Antonio and Bassanio as they converse with one another: My purse, my person, my extremest means, Lie all unlockd to your occasions. This tells us that Bassanio is able to confide in Antonio, showing a stable friendship. In this extract Antonio seems to be the dominant figure out of the two. However as we read on, we discover that there is a shift in power: Then do but say to me what I should do That in your knowledge may by me be done, And I am prest unto it: therefore speak. This proves significant to the bond they have between them as it also shows that they have a balanced relationship. It is also effective in terms of informing the audience that their friendship is impenetrable. Further into The Merchant of Venice the conflict between Antonio and Shylock becomes evident. This plays an important role in the exchange of money as Antonio mentions that it is better to lend money to an enemy rather than a friend. As there will be no compassion to the enemy if the money cannot be repaid: But lend it rather to thine enemy; Who if he break, thou mayst with better face Exact the penalty. This initiates Shylocks idea for the penalty of a pound of Antonios flesh, to which it will be written in the physical, law-enforcing bond: Your single bond; and, in a merry sport Be nominated for an equal pound Of your fair flesh Shakespeare uses humorous language to portray this idea which ironically contrasts to the uneasy atmosphere for Antonio. It proves effective as the audience is unsure of whether Shylock meant for the idea of the penalty of the pound of flesh seriously or not. Either way Antonio agrees and seals this contract making it an unbreakable bond: Yes. Shylock, I will seal unto this bond As a general principle, Antonio neither lends nor borrows but in this case he makes an exception for Bassanio. This shows that Antonio is prepared to break one of his principles for him: Yet to supply the ripe wants of my friend, Ill break a custom. Again we see Bassanios loyalty as he refuses to allow Antonio to agree to this dangerous want from Shylock: You shall not seal to such for me: Ill rather dwell in my necessity. Subsequently Antonio and Bassanios bond is fortified showing the importance of relationships in The Merchant of Venice. Shakespeare has used the repetition of friendship and loyalty to emphasise the bond that the two friends have, proving its significance to the themes of bonds and promises. Not only is this platonic bonds between Antonio and Bassanio, there is also a father and daughter bond between Portia and her long gone father. Portia, a rich heiress that Bassanio has fallen in love with, has no choice about who she can marry. Before her father died, he left her his will being that her future husband would need to pass a series of riddles in order to gain her hand in marriage. Even though she does not agree with this system she is loyal to him and obeys his will, verifying the strong bond they have between the two: But this reasoning is not in the fashion to choose me a husband so is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father. This bond is further reinforced when Bassanio arrives to challenge the riddles. Portia seems anxious and tries to persuade him to wait a few days before making his decision as she is in desperation for him to make the correct choice. However she withdraws herself from telling him the correct casket which shows significance to the theme of bonds as she still holds great respect for her father: I could tech you How to chose right, but then I am forsworn; As he chooses the correct casket the, bonds and the audience senses promises that are to be made within their marriage. This is important to above question as the theme of love is interlocked with the theme of bonds. Not only is there is idea of exchanges in their spiritual bond, but their love is also expressed symbolically by a ring: I give them with this ring; Which when you part from, lose, or give away, Let it presage the ruin of your love, And be my vantage to exclaim you. From this, the audience can deduce that bond between Bassanio and Portia has some sort of physicality to it. This plays an important role in promises within the marriage as it is a tradition to have the exchange of rings, thus reinforcing the theme of bonds and promises in The Merchant of Venice. However this ring doesnt necessarily prove their true love to one another as later in the play Bassanio gives the ring away to a lawyer. To Bassanios unawareness, the lawyer is a disguised Portia. Portia tests Bassanios loyalty to her and asks for the ring as a thank you gift. Bassanio is reluctant to grant this want so Portia leaves; knowing that Bassanio has done right. Through when he has left the scene, Antonio gains success in persuading Bassanio to bestow the ring to the lawyer and Bassanio ruches off to do so. Even though Bassanio has broken this physical bond, the spiritual bond between him and his wife hasnt disappeared. He later confesses to Portia that he has given away the ring and explains why. Bassanio then asks for forgiveness to regain her trust: Pardon this fault, and by my soul I swear I never more will break an oath with thee The effect of this is that it shows the audience and themselves that the bond between them is reinforced and of great importance. It is a key role not only to the theme of bonds and promises but also to the theme of love. The other love theme that links in with the theme of bonds and promises is when Jessica elopes with Lorenzo. This shows that Jessica has chosen to break the relationship she had with Shylock for the relationship that she has for Lorenzo. The idea is significant in The Merchant of Venice as it may give an extension to the idea of how living with Shylock may have been like: Our house is hell This contrasts with the bond of loyalty between Portia and her father. Most importantly there is the bond in which Antonio has agreed to. This can be classed as the main focus in the play. In the trial scene of The Merchant of Venice, Shylock heavily demands this penalty that Antonio has agreed to. It is seen that the Duke has sympathy for Antonio using a demanding tone to try and persuade Shylock to discharge the bond, however he is unsuccessful and Shylock is unmoved: And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn To have the due and forfeit of my bond: Because of this contract, Shylocks stubbornness and strong-will surfaces, thus emphasising the importance of bonds in this play. Not only do we see Shylock in possession of these characteristics but one can also see that he is a smart man as he admits that his want for the bond is irrational and emotional: just as some people hate cats, or the sound of bagpipes. He cleverly justifies his this by using the following examples: Some, that are mad if they behold a cat; And others, when the bagpipe sings Master of passion, sways it to the mood Of what it likes, or loathes. The theme of this bond may be compared to a catalyst in a reaction as it seems to increase the pace of tension and suspense for the audience. It has also enabled Shylock to put through his opinions and to allow the people in the courtroom to acknowledge. Further on in the scene we see his demands for his bond, Antonios pound of flesh, becoming stronger and more dominant: I would have my bond. Again one can see the knowledge that Shylock possesses as he describes that if this contract is dismissed or changed, the legal system in Venice will take a sudden downfall and also many more exceptions would have to be made if this one is to be made as well: Is dearly bought; tis mine and I will have it. If you deny me, fie upon your law! Again we see the strong demand of Shylock as he is confident that he should get his bond. Shakespeare has heavily concentrated on this aspect of the bond that the audience is drawn in closer to the story as they are held in suspense. Not only do we see the legal bond in this scene but the bond between Antonio and Bassanio. The loyalty that Bassanio has for Antonio is great as he offers to pay Shylock double the amount that was lent, and even allow the latter to have his own flesh and blood: The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones, and all, Again this can be related back to the idea of bonds and promises as it shows that a physical bond doesnt have to exist in order to show the strength of a relationship. As the trial scene continues Portia, disguised as a lawyer, has enabled herself to go by a strategy where the contract for Antonios pound of flesh can be discharged. And in the end, is was not Antonio who lost, but it was Shylock as he was forced to surrender his money and be forced to convert into a Christian. This harsh result could be said to have come from the story line concerning the bond. This devastating point for Shylock may have kept the audience keen, and as a result it shows that the importance of bonds and promises play a key role in The Merchant of Venice.

Chatelperronian Transition to Upper Paleolithic

Chatelperronian Transition to Upper Paleolithic The Chà ¢telperronian period refers to one of five stone tool industries identified within the Upper Paleolithic period of Europe (ca 45,000-20,000 years ago). Once thought the earliest of the five industries, the Chà ¢telperronian is today recognized as roughly coeval with or perhaps somewhat later than the Aurignacian period: both are associated with the Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic transition, ca. 45,000-33,000 years ago. During that transition, the last Neanderthals in Europe died out, the result of a not-necessarily-peaceful cultural transition of European ownership from the long-established Neanderthal residents to the new influx of early modern humans from Africa. When first described and defined in the early twentieth century, the Chà ¢telperronian was believed to be the work of early modern humans (then called Cro Magnon), who, it was thought had descended directly from Neanderthals. The split between Middle and Upper Paleolithic is a distinct one, with great advances in the range of stone tool types and also with raw materialsthe Upper Paleolithic period has tools and objects made of bone, teeth, ivory and antler, none of which was seen in the Middle Paleolithic. The change is technology is today associated with the entrance of early modern humans from Africa into Europe. The discovery of Neanderthals at Saint Cesaire (aka La Roche a Pierrot) and Grotte du Renne (aka Arcy-sur-Cure) in direct association with Chà ¢telperronian artifacts, led to the original debates: who made the Chà ¢telperronian tools? Chà ¢telperronian Toolkit Chà ¢telperronian stone industries are a blend of earlier tool types from the Middle Paleolithic Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian style tool types. These include denticulates, distinctive side scrapers (called racloir chà ¢telperronien) and endscrapers. One characteristic stone tool found on Chà ¢telperronian sites are backed blades, tools made on flint chips which have been shaped with abrupt retouch. Chà ¢telperronian blades were made from a large, thick flake or block that were prepared in advance, in distinct comparison to later Aurignacian stone tool kits which were based on more extensively worked prismatic cores. Although the lithic materials at Chà ¢telperronian sites often include stone tools similar to the earlier Mousterian occupations, in some sites, an extensive collection of tools were produced on ivory, shell, and bone: these types of tools are not found in Mousterian sites at all. Important bone collections have been found at three sites in France: Grotte du Renne at Arcy sur-Cure, Saint Cesaire and Quinà §ay. At Grotte du Renne, the bone tools included awls, bi-conical points, tubes made of bird bones and pendants, and sawed ungulate antlers and picks. Some personal ornaments have been found at these sites, some of which are stained with red ochre: all of these are evidence of what archaeologists call modern human behaviors or behavioral complexity.​ The stone tools led to the assumption of cultural continuity, with some scholars well into the 1990s arguing that humans in Europe had evolved from Neanderthals. Subsequent archaeological and DNA research has overwhelmingly indicated that early modern humans in fact evolved in Africa, and then migrated into Europe and mixed with the Neanderthal natives. The parallel discoveries of bone tools and other behavioral modernity at Chatelperronian and Aurignacian sites, not to mention radiocarbon dating evidence has led to a realignment of the early Upper Paleolithic sequence. How They Learned That The major mystery of the Chà ¢telperronianassuming that it does indeed represent Neanderthals, and there certainly seems to be ample proof of thatis how did they acquire new technologies just at the point when the new African immigrants arrived in Europe? When and how that happenedwhen the African emigrants turned up in Europe and when and how the Europeans learned to make bone tools and backed scrapersis a matter for some debate. Did the Neanderthals imitate or learn from or borrow from the Africans when they began using sophisticated stone and bone tools; or were they innovators, who happened to learn the technique about the same time? Archaeological evidence at sites such as Kostenki in Russia and Grotta del Cavallo in Italy has pushed back the arrival of early modern humans to about 45,000 years ago. They used a sophisticated tool kit, complete with bone and antler tools and personal decorative objects, called collectively Aurignacian. Evidence is also strong that Neanderthals first appeared in Europe about 800,000 years ago, and they relied on primarily stone tools; but about 40,000 years ago, they may have adopted or invented bone and antler tools and personal decorative items. Whether that was separate invention or borrowing remains to be determined. Sources Bar-Yosef O, and Bordes J-G. 2010. Who were the makers of the Chà ¢telperronian culture? Journal of Human Evolution 59(5):586-593.Coolidge FL, and Wynn T. 2004. A cognitive and neurophysical perspective on the Chatelperronian. Journal of Archaeological Research 60(4):55-73.Discamps E, Jaubert J, and Bachellerie F. 2011. Human choices and environmental constraints: deciphering the variability of large game procurement from Mousterian to Aurignacian times (MIS 5-3) in southwestern France. Quaternary Science Reviews 30(19-20):2755-2775.

Views of Three Greats Authors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Views of Three Greats Authors - Essay Example Could this law be violated if the United States officials discharging their official duties abroad pay some money in support of any religion? The author of this article feels that if such activities are carried outside the United States then the constitution has not been undermined. However, he noted that the policymakers should caution the diplomats from mixing diplomacy and the religion (Los Angeles Times, 2009). Notably, the faith initiatives based on foreign relation emerged to question the numerous USAID expenditures that were executed by Bush administration that including $325,000 was used in rehabilitating four mosques in Iraq, Fallujah, the site of major United States 2004 military operations (Los Angeles Times, 2009). Furthermore, the use of instructional materials that included bible references in anti-AIDS programs especially in Africa were they were used to encourage sexual abstinence demanded answers. Though the actions were not right according to the author of this arti cle, some United States agencies insisted that the rehabilitation of the mosque in Iraq was part of the reconstruction of war scar as per the Iraq constitution. The case of the religious references particularly the pro-abstinence materials the united states claimed to have stopped to be â€Å"religiously infused† programs after the Department of Justice had expressed legal qualms. According to the author, the responses to these concerns make the public uncertain whether the wall of separation between the state and the church had long gone (Los Angeles Times, 2009). Therefore, such practices suggest that both practical and constitutional considerations do not exist. On the contrary, according to the article, the government officials cannot be held to task over their boarder religion interactions since the United States’ Supreme Court has never ruled an amendment that established a clause baring the diplomats from indulging into religion activities outside the United Sta tes’ boarders (Los Angeles Times, 2009). In 1991, the federal court of appeal did not conclude but gave some exceptions that if the government has a compelling reason to give aid to a religious institution, it can do so. According to the author, it is a blessing to united states that it has a constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion that the supreme court has clarified as not only creating a state church but also the state subsidizing for any religion within the united states (Los Angeles Times, 2009). He further argues that the foreign policy should allow Washington to assist and provide aids to the religious institutions in foreign countries especially those that are in dire need if the same. Most of the activities that the state assists these churches are more sensible just like state relationship with some of the religious leaders (Los Angeles Times, 2009). However, it would be unwise if Washington would use such aids to source dire tensions within some I slamic countries. Subsequently, diplomacy cannot be conducted behind Jeffersion’s wall in the world that religion is inseparable from politics. â€Å"Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention† This theory is developed and forwarded by Thomas Friedman in the book The World Is Flat. The theory stipulates thatâ€Å"No two countries that are both part of a major global supply chain like Dell’s, will ever fight a war against each other as long as they are both part of the same global supply chai

Does nationalism need to be based on ethnic myths of descent Essay

Does nationalism need to be based on ethnic myths of descent - Essay Example Historical process of nationalism will indicate that the nationalism as a process started in the Europe during 19th Century.(Anthony,1993). On a larger scale it attempts to provide the criterion for the creation or ownership of the legitimacy of power over a State by people having certain characteristics. This doctrine therefore indicates that the societies in the world are divided based on the nations each having their own distinctive characteristics and as such the only form of legitimate government can only arise if national self government is imposed over the State. Thus nationalism is necessarily considered as a political ideology which advocates the case of controlling the State by a nation. Since State derives the legitimate obediences it is therefore argued that to wield the control over the population and achieve political legitimacy it is critical that the power must be relocated to a nation to govern the State. (Featherstone,1990) French Revolution is considered as the starting point from where the emergence of strong nationalistic sentiments started to emerge and dominate the political scene of the countries. At this point, it was clearly established that the only sovereign is the nation with the sole power of making laws to its citizens therefore the individuals must show the loyalty to the nation. French Revolution is critical in the sense that it was the turning point to break away the barriers that separated the various regions of the country and united them as a one nation based on single language and culture.

Eating Style Essay Example for Free

Eating Style Essay Since the time people lived on earth, most of them had the wildest dream of having a good life in a wonderful world close to utopia. What is utopia? Why do people like it? Utopia, which means a perfect world, community or society, is a book which describes a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean. The island is said to be without war, law, poverty, and misery, and the people of the island have equality among themselves, pacifism, and happiness. In The Ohlone Way, a book written by Malcolm Margolin in 1978, he described the appearance of San Francisco Bay Area about 6000 years ago. Ohlone, who is the first human who migrated from Asia many centuries ago, settled and inhabited the richest natural wildlife refuge in North America. There were only over 10, 000 people who were said to be muscular and vigorous; they divided themselves into 40 different tribelets. Each tribelet has its own chief, language and rules. These 10,000 people were called Indians, whose lives were peaceful and happy, like those people who lived in Utopia. During the Stone Age, peoples eating style was very simple. Their source of food all came from the natural world such as acorns, insects, beers, rabbit, fish, and most animals. In comparison with the modern societys eating style, their eating style was better for the ecosystem in many ways. Ohlone described that during the Stone Age, wildlife and forests were extremely rich and consisted of countless natural resources that provided ample and regular food for the Indians. Beside the other food sources, acorns were the most important and basic meal for the Indians the whole year round. â€Å"Boy climbed the trees to shake the branches, men knocked the acorns down with long sticks, and everywhere there were people stooping and picking over the acorns on the ground† (Margolin, 1978, p. 42). An incalculable amount of oak trees stood and spread around the hills and valleys. In the bay area, trees such as black oaks and tanbark oaks grew. Trees grew many sweet and big acorns because of the rich soil and great weather. When all the acorns mellowed from the trees, the Indians would get together to pick up the acorns as much as they could. When picking the acorns, an Indian family would gather 1000 to 2000 pounds of acorns to produce sufficient supply of food for the whole year. They used acorns to make many kinds of food such as a soup, porridge, bread that were delicious and healthy. The acorn harvest, which was the biggest event of the year, was highly anticipated of by Indians. They did not adopt agriculture as their food source because of the richness of other resources. Moreover, under their ancient eating culture, the Indians accepted most animals as their food except those animals related to their religion. â€Å"They ate insects, lizards, snakes, moles, mice, gophers, ground squirrels, wood rats, quail, doves. Song birds, rabbits, raccoons, foxes, deer, elk, antelopes-indeed, the wildest conceivable variety of both small and large game† (Margolin, 1978, p. 24). Their ingestion of insects was surprising since it is a digusting thing among modern people. However, Indians enjoyed eating insects which consisted of the richest proteins. Insects such as grasshoppers were described as their common food and the yellow jacket grub was their favorite food. They were not fussy eaters for they eat whatever they catch. Their eating habit did not harm the ecosystem and it preserved the natural world. In addition, during the Stone Age, animals were easy to see and hunt because a lot of different animals lived in the Bay Area. They did not hide in hiding places. â€Å"It is impossible to estimate how many thousands of bears might have lived in the Bay Area at the time of the Ohlones† (Margolin, 1978, p. 7). Besides the bears, there were many other animals, both large and small, who lived in the Bay Area. In hunting different kinds of large animals, Indians used a variety of hunting skills bears, deers, elks, or antelopes. Indian hunters were very proud of themselves whenever they succeeded in hunting a large animal, which they brought back to their tribelet to be shared within their group. The animals skin was given to the hunters wife for her to make a beautiful cloth. When everybody got their share of meat, some of the meat left were hung to dry for later use. Then, bones were used as tools such as awls, wedges, or tule saws. No part of the animal was wasted. Furthermore, rabbits were also countless in the Bay Area, so they were commonly hunted by Indians. â€Å"Rabbits (jackrabbits, cottontails, and brush rabbits) were an Ohlone mainstay, and were caught in great numbers† (Margolin, 1978, p. 25). In hunting rabbits, Indians used their sticks, snares, slings, and bows and arrows . They greatly enjoyed the tastiness of rabbit meat. Rabbits spread around and were not scared of humans, so at times, Indians caught rabbits using their bare hands. After catching rabbits, they used the rabbits skin to make blankets or clothes and they used rabbits meat for food. The sea was also an important source of food for the Indians. In the Bay Area, water was abundant and contained a variety of seafoods. â€Å"From so much water the Ohlones gathered an immense harvest of fish and waterfowl† (Margolin, 1978, p. 36). During the summer, they would use nets, harpoons, weirs and so on to fish salmon, sturgeon, and mussels. During the fall and spring, they would use nets or decoys to collect ducks and geese. And during the winter, they would go to beaches to collect shellfish, clams, oysters, abalones. The shellfish was available the whole year. Living in the Bay Area, Ohlone had rich natural resources, which were good enough for their life. They did not need to grow plants or domestic animals for use in their family. What they only needed was to collect food from nature. On the other hand, one should look upon the modern society. Due to the expanding production of industrial agriculture today, people eat a lot of toxic foods containing chemical substances from pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides. Subsequently, the nutrients needed by plants were absorbed by wild grass. Farmers growing various kinds of plants use methods to shorten the growth period of vegetables and crops. This process reduces the food prices but it harms the body and environment. Also, during crop plantation, farmers clear the land through burning. A large amount of carbon dioxide goes into the air, causing pollution. This process contributes to global warming that can drastically change the worlds climate. The environment is being damaged more and more as time passes by. Another matter to consider is the farm industry. People who are involved in this industry keep animals such as pigs, cows and chickens confined. There is not enough space for animals to move. Animals live, eat, defecate and sleep in that tiny space for life. At times, these animal were not taken care of properly. There are some instances when these animals bring diseases to humans due to their waste products being drained in bodies of water and their breeding places which are not properly cleaned. Though animal foods were developed to make them more healthy, its sole purpose is for food processing. When comparison is made between the two mentioned period of society, it can be said that people from the Stone Age illustrate a more environment-friendly way of living and eating, while modern people should be more concern in the environment and their eating styles. People have to utilize natural resources more such as solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and geothermal energy. If this is not done, many lives might be destroyed when nature strikes back, for example, many cities nearby oceans would be flooded because of the melting of the poles. The next generations would suffer the consequences of the modern worlds actions and they would have less space to use. References Margolin,M. (1978) The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco-Monterey Bay Area. Berkeley, Ca: Heyday Books.

A Comaprison of the Millers Tale and Merchants Tale Essay -- compari

Comparing Miller's Tale and Merchant's Tale Alison in the Miller's Tale and May of the Merchant's Tale are similar in several ways. Both are young women who have married men much older than themselves. They both become involved with young, manipulative men. They also conspire to and do cuckold their husbands. This is not what marriage is about and it is demonstrated in both tales. What makes the Miller's Tale bawdy comedy and the Merchant's tale bitter satire is in the characterization. In the Miller's tale we are giving stereotyped characters. The principals are cardboard cut-outs sent into farcical motion. The Merchant's Tale gives us much more background and detail of the character's lives. The reader is more involved and can feel their situations. Here we will focus on the two women of each tale and how they demonstrate this difference. Alison is described as young and wild. She is like an animal: " Thereto she koude skippe and make game/ As any kyde or calf folwynge his dame" (I. 3259-60). We know that she would be willing to go along with any idea as long as it is "fun". We can see her childish immaturity in the scenes where she lets Absalom "kiss" her. We do not learn the details of her marriage such as her feeling toward John, her husband. We simply know that it is a mis-matched marriage with a large age gap between them. May is not described in much detail compared to Alison. She is simply young, meek and beautiful. The disgusting details of her marriage though are clearly shown. January makes speeches about his desire to consummate his marriage and loathingly promises to take his time. We are with May when the real horror she feels at having to sleep with January is describe... ...In response she acts impertinent and insulted: "'This thank have I for I have maad yow see/ Allas,' quod she, 'that evere I was so kinde!'" (IV. 2388-89). How ridiculous and awful that January believes her explanation. Therefore we can see while both stories have similar elements, the Miller's Tale is straight comedy. The reader is not shown the emotions of the characters. Alison is not a fully developed character. She is and stays what she was described as in the beginning of the tale: an eighteen year old wild girl. The tale is more a parody on courtly love. In contrast, in the Merchant's Tale the reader is shown the disgusting details of January's motives and subsequent marriage. May's character is more fleshed out, the assaults against her explicitly shown. We may feel sorry for the carpenter but January never gets our sympathy.

Macbeth

At the start of the play, Macbeth was portrayed as a heroic and courageous man. He created this image for himself by fighting long and hard in the King of Scotland’s battle. The King of Scotland (along with all his people) was very impressed with Macbeth. He was rewarded for his efforts, being presented with the title of the Thane of Cawdor. After the battle, he and Banquo were out riding when they bumped into a group of incredibly strange women that had a strange aura of power about them (the witches). It was here that Macbeth was confronted with the prophecy that someday he would become King of Scotland. There were many reasons Macbeth could become King without murdering anyone – the current king could die, renounce his throne and appoint Macbeth as King, or Macbeth could overthrow him. Macbeth did indeed think for a while that he could become King without murdering anyone. â€Å"If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without stir. † There were a lot of reasons why Macbeth was reluctant to murder King Duncan. For a start, he was a good King. He had been treating Macbeth very well, showering him with praise and rewards. The King wasn’t the only one who thought highly of Macbeth. The people of Scotland also held him in high regard. If he killed or tried to kill the King and got caught, his reputation would be gone. The final reason he had for not murdering King Duncan was that he was his host, and he should be protecting not endangering him. These reasons were all forgotten when Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth, convinced him to murder King Duncan. She told him straight out that he ‘wasn’t a real man’ if he didn’t do this. She was involved in the murders both by convincing Macbeth and by drugging the men who stood guard in front of the King’s sleeping chambers. King Duncan’s sons feared that after their father was murdered, they would be next. They were very wary of everyone, and wanted to leave the castle as soon as possible. Banquo strongly suspected Macbeth was involved in the murder. He had also heard the witches’ prophecy, and he feared that Macbeth had ‘played foully’ to make the prophecy come true. Meanwhile, Macbeth was shocked by what he did. He wondered whether in killing King Duncan he had not made the position available to himself, but to others. The prophecy played heavily on his mind, and he wondered whether he had now made the Crown available to children that are not his, namely Banquo’s. Macbeth decided to kill Banquo and his son Fleance for more than one reason. The major reason was the prophecy predicted that Banquo’s children would become kings. By killing Banquo and his son, he would be able to prevent Banquo from having more children and stop Fleance himself from becoming King. The other more minor reason was that Macbeth thought that Banquo was suspicious of him, and he was worried that Banquo would tell someone or act on his suspicions. Macbeth didn’t tell Lady Macbeth about what he was planning to do because he thought his wife would think that it would upset their plans. The appearance of Banquo’s ghost made Macbeth very scared and worried, it definitely made him appear incredibly disturbed to all the people around him. Macbeth then decided to go to the witches. He had become caught up in events and felt he had lost control of the situation. He desperately wanted to know what was going to happen next. This did help him a bit, or so he thought, because he knew more about what was going on. This was due to three new prophecies made by the witches – ‘Beware Macduff’, ‘No fear until Birnam Wood come to Dunsinane Hill’ and finally ‘No man of woman born can harm you. After hearing these prophecies, Macbeth felt much more confident. He scoffed at the idea that a wood could climb a hill, and after hearing that ‘no man of woman born can harm you’, the only thing he felt threatened by was Macduff. Since he was a threat, Macbeth wanted to kill Macduff (just like everyone else who had been a threat to him). But he couldn’t get to Macduff, so instead he killed everyone that Macduff loved and destroyed everything that he cherished. As expected, this had a very negative affect on Macduff. Macduff most likely would’ve preferred to have been killed himself. Lady Macbeth at the end of the play was very different from the composed lady at the start. Her guilty conscience had gotten to her, and by the end of the play she was a guilty, stuttering mess. She began admitting to some of the terrible deeds she had done. Finally she just couldn’t take it anymore, and committed suicide. Macbeth kept on going because he thought that the prophecies would protect him. He figures he’s killed so many people he might as well keep going. Finally, he didn’t want to look weak in front of everyone and he wanted to keep his honour. The witches were the starting point and basis for all the murders Macbeth committed. No matter who he killed, it could always be linked back to the witches and their prophecies. They were the ones who first put the idea into his head about becoming King of Scotland. Lady Macbeth also played a major part in him becoming a murderer. When he was undecided about whether he was going to kill King Duncan, she urged him on until he finally made the decision to kill him. This first murder resulted in all subsequent deaths. Nevertheless, Macbeth wasn’t forced to kill anybody. He has to take some responsibility for his actions. If he was not so egotistical and keen to hold power, the witches prophecies would not have has such an effect on him. Macbeth was obviously responsible for all the murders, and Lady Macbeth played her part in them too, but I think the people most responsible for the murders were actually the witches. Before he met them, Macbeth led a perfectly normal life, free of any thoughts of treason or murder. But when he met the witches they planted all sorts of thoughts into his head via the prophecies. He wouldn’t have thought of being King of Scotland, let alone killing the current King, if he hadn’t heard the prophecy about him being King. He wouldn’t have killed Banquo and attempted to kill his son if the witches hadn’t told him that Banquo’s children would one day be kings. Macbeth wouldn’t have ordered that Macduff’s family be killed and his household destroyed if the witches had not told him to beware Macduff. Therefore I think I can safely say that the witches were the ones who were most at fault for the murders, and for the downfall of Macbeth.

Analyse the presentation of Jane in Bronte’s ‘Jane Eyre’ Essay

How is Jane presented in Charlotte Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘Jane Eyre’? Charlotte Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ presents Jane in three different sections of her life that run through from childhood at her aunt’s house to her adult life at Thornfield. The presentation of Jane’s personality and looks is shown both through her own narration as well as the dialogue between the characters. The first section of Jane’s life is at Gateshead, her aunt’s house, and she is presented as a child who is ‘but ten’ and who is plain enough to be described as ‘a little toad’ by one of the house servants. After her parents’ untimely death Jane was forced to live with relatives, which she did not mind until her uncle died too. After that she was treated with contempt by her aunt and cousins Eliza and Georgiana and her cousin John was a bully, he ‘struck suddenly and strongly’. The unkindness Jane experiences causes her to have a burning sense of injustice from that point and it begins with her fighting back against John by calling him a ‘wicked and cruel boy’. Her aunt’s contempt for Jane however, may be because she refuses to ingratiate herself to her aunts wishes, which could be construed as Jane possibly being proud; Mrs Reed says that Jane should ‘acquire a more sociable and childlike disposition. A more attractive and sprightly manner’ but Jane feels she should be accepted for who she is and not to have to play up to her aunt’s wishes, no matter what the consequences. As a result her aunt feels she is a child with a ‘tendency to deceit’ and tends to punish her for it. Jane is shown to be a very literary child; she takes comfort in reading or looking at books and she uses language like ‘ships becalmed on a torpid sea’ which for a ten year old, even at that time, is rather impressive. Though it must be taken into account that by the time Jane tells the story she is probably in her thirties or forties and so the language may not be exactly that which the ten year old Jane would have actually used. The books she reads feed her already vibrant imagination which lead her to believe that things like a light flashing past the window was ‘a herald of some coming vision from another world’, that the blood she could hear rushing through her ears was ‘the rushing of wings’ and she felt that ‘something neared me’. Had her imagination not been quite so vivid she could probably have thought it through and seen that there was a rational explanation for these phenomenon, for Jane seems to have good judgement. She certainly seems to have a talent of being able to analyse people’s character’s well. While Jane is in the red room she is thinking over why she is so poorly treated although she had done nothing wrong and the reader sees her analyse each of her cousins: Eliza is ‘headstrong and selfish’ and Georgiana has ‘a spoiled temper, a very acrid spite, a captious and insolent carriage’. This is an analysis the reader may feel inclined to agree with because that is how the cousins have been portrayed from the start however it is worth remembering that as Jane is the narrator there may be a certain bias against them. The next section in which Jane is presented is during her time at Lowood Institution particularly the first few months of her stay there. Jane is presented as still having a burning sense of injustice as she sees some of things that happen to girls who are ‘punished’ and from the reader’s perspective one can see why. The girls are unfairly punished and usually for things that are not even their fault, as was the plight of Julia Severn, whose ‘hair curls naturally’ was ordered to have her hair ‘cut off’. Jane having been ‘wrongly accused’ when she was called a ‘liar’, had curled up on the floor and her ‘tears watered the boards’. Jane could not take being accused falsely due to all the trouble it caused her at her aunt’s house and so she keeps grudges against that do wrongly accuse her. Though it may have been seen previously in the section at Gateshead, the reader sees it more clearly during her times at Lowood that Jane could be considered stubborn. There are many times when Helen Burns tries to change Jane’s mind about things that have mostly to do with religion. The first time the reader sees this is when Helen tells Jane that ‘if all the world hated you’ but ‘your own conscience approved you’ then she would not be ‘without friends’, but Jane determinedly states ‘I know I should think well of myself; but that is not enough: if others don’t love me, I would rather die than live’. This also shows a dependant need, in Jane, to be liked by all she meets and a very melodramatic side to her that the reader rarely sees. The last important way the Jane is presented in in this section is as a very bright and hard working girl. On her first day she had ‘reached the head of my class’ and she tells the reader that she ‘toiled hard’ and ‘in a few weeks I was promoted to a higher class: in less than two months I was allowed to commence French and drawing’. This shows that Jane enjoys school and is willing to work hard to improve and become the best she can be. The third section in which Jane is presented commences eight years later when she accepts the job of becoming a governess at Thornfield Hall. As the reader has seen before, Charlotte Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ seems to determined to emphasise the fact that Jane is a plain girl as she explain to her employer Mr. Rochester when she tells him that she is his ‘plain, Quakerish governess’. She is also presented as being a very respectful and polite employee of Mr. Rochester as she always calls him ‘sir’, even when they are engaged, and she seems to take some sort of joy in it as she has rarely been able to respect many people as she feels respect must be earned. She also has enough respect for him to tell him the truth to any question he asks her, even if it were not something one would usually ask at the time, and is wonderfully shown when she tells that ‘wherever you are is my home – my only home’. This was a very forward statement but Jane felt that Mr Rochester ought to know it so she told him. During the time in which Rochester has the party of guests at Thornfield and they are playing Charades, Jane is shown as having the concept of self worth. She sees these fine women and how they act but does not become jealous of their wealth or beauty. Instead she felt a sort of pity for them because though Blanche Ingram ‘was very showy’ she ‘was not genuine’, ‘she had a fine person’ ‘but her mind was poor’, ‘she was not good; she was not original’ and there are many more ways in which Jane describes Blanche Ingram. Jane feels that because of all this ‘Miss Ingram was a mark beneath jealousy: she was too inferior to excite the feeling.’ This not only states that she has self worth and does not feel that she should put herself down by thinking of Miss Ingram because of Blanche’s less than lovely qualities, it also shows a sense of pride in Jane. She feels proud to be who she is and would not want to be like Blanche Ingram if it meant not being very intellectual. Jane is presented as a passionate girl through the entire story and we see it again in this section. Just before Rochester proposes to Jane, he talks to her about her leaving to go to Ireland for a new governess situation, but Jane feels like her heart is breaking at the thought of leaving him. In a passionate burst, she declares ‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? – You think wrong!’ but she does not stop there. She goes on to tell Rochester in an abstract way that she loves him by saying ‘And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you’. Her passionate nature, most likely, came from her want to be treated as an equal, and though she is no social equal to Mr Rochester she feel that she is his equal in intellect and feels down trodden when she is not treated as such. In the same passionate outburst as shown above she also exclaims ‘it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal – as we are!’ This shows her need to be treated as an equal by the one she loves. Jane is presented as a girl who grows up being passionate about being treated equally and having a burning sense of injustice when people are wrongly accused or punished without cause. She is described as being a plain girl her whole life who is very smart, literary, hard working and imaginative. This is shown through the narration as well as through the dialogue between character.

The Life of Abagail Williams essays

The Life of Abagail Williams essays Hi, my name is Abagail Williams. You have probably heard of me from the Salem Witch Trials. I was twelve years old when the out break of witchcraft terrified the residents living in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. Hundreds of people were accused, the majority forced to deteriorate in jail while their cases were studied and considered for trial. Accused witches were forced to confess to witchcraft, under the fear that if they did not, they would be executed. The trials were usually brutal and unfair with the doctrine, the charged were guilty before proven innocent, and the only option for their survival was to confess and name their charge. In reality, there never were any real witches in Salem, it all began with the lies and stories I told. You might ask yourself Why did this travesty of justice occur? Salem was the prime spot for an event of this capacity. The unfortunate combination of economic conditions, congregational strife, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies account for the spiraling accusations, trials, and executions that occurred in the spring and summer of 1692. The Salem Witch Trials was a dark time in American History. Neighbors became suspicious of one another. The testimonies of myself and other children put many to death. Many were brutally tortured until they confessed or died. It all started when Tituba, a slave of my uncles began secretly to tell the local girls (including Betty and myself) stories about evil curses and mysterious voodoo from her homeland. My cousin Betty, and I became restless. Betty complained of a burning fever, dashed noisily about the house, contorted of pain, and dove under furniture. I, however, was afflicted in a completely different method: I went into trance like states from which I could not (or would not) be awakened and went into fits that closely resembled epileptic seizures. ...

Kudo vs. Kudos

Kudo vs. Kudos Kudo vs. Kudos Kudo vs. Kudos By Maeve Maddox Some English speakers use the word kudo as the singular of kudos. What makes this usage problematic is the fact that kudos is already singular. Kudos is a Greek word meaning â€Å"glory, fame, renown.† It entered the language as student slang back when undergraduates were still required to study Greek at the university. Presumably the early users knew that it was a singular noun. The earliest OED citation for the use of the back-formation kudo is dated 1941. The OED marks the use of singular kudo as â€Å"erroneous,† but Merriam-Webster provides kudo with its own entry, taking care to defend its position in doing so: Some commentators hold that since kudos is a singular word it cannot be used as a plural and that the word kudo is impossible. But kudo does exist M-W’s assertion that kudo â€Å"does exist† makes me think of the comment made by Florence Foster Jenkins (1868-1944) about her excruciating efforts at singing opera: â€Å"People may say I cant sing, but no one can ever say I didnt sing. Inarguably, kudo is a word. Modern English is filled with words that began as errors only to become perfectly acceptable standard words. For example, our words newt and apron are the result of confusion over the indefinite article. What we now call â€Å"a newt† used to be â€Å"an ewt,† but the n of the article became attached to the noun. Conversely, what we call â€Å"an apron† started out as â€Å"a napron.† In Chaucer’s day, what we call a pea was called a pease. The plural was pesen. By the 1600s, pease was viewed as a word that, like sheep, could be either singular or plural. Before the end of the 17th century, pease had become pea in the singular and peas in the plural. That the older form persisted for a time is indicated by the nursery song â€Å"Pease Porridge Hot,† which dates from about 1765. M-W cites pea in its defense of singular kudo. Here are some examples of singular kudo on the web: That deserves a big KUDO! (agricultural site) Riverfront venue kudo deserved (Mankato Free Press) That deserves an even bigger KUDO. (product testimonial) How can I give a kudo to a great comment? (Myspace FAQ) In a way, kudo is like pea; both are back-formations. But the changes in pease and pesen occurred at a time when other number changes were taking place. English speakers once formed the plural of hose as hosen and tree as treen. I can think of only two nouns that have kept the -en plural: child/children, ox/oxen. We still use the plural brethren in a spiritual sense, but the regular plural of brother is brothers. It seems to me that kudo belongs with jocular back-formations like kempt from unkempt and gruntled from disgruntled. In these days of universal education and easy access to reference materials, using kudo seriously doesn’t seem any more acceptable than rendering the word as these writers have: Jane Hamsher deserves Kudo’s (political blogger) Director Brown reported the FB Dept deserves a BIG KUDO’s. (minutes of a public meeting) Kudo’s from clients (category on a technology site) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:What is Dative Case?List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Austin Community College Enrollment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Austin Community College Enrollment - Term Paper Example With unemployment still at record high levels (Baker and Hassett), many job hunters go back to study postsecondary education in order to gain advantage over other applicants. Moreover, because greater educational attainment is related with higher salaries and lower unemployment rates, the Department of Labor believes that promoting degree attainment will be beneficial for the country’s economy (DeAngelo et al. 3). However, it is important to note that there is an ongoing debate whether college education is truly a wise investment for those who are seeking to earn more. For example, a 2011 New York Times article says that the sour economy has affected everyone, many students in postsecondary schooling have decided to postpone their education, while there are even more whose careers have gone astray (Rampell). The story is pretty common. These days one would hear of a chemistry major tending a bar, or perhaps someone with a major in History manning the cashier at Wal-Mart. Even college graduates, those who were supposedly most protected from the economic recession (thanks to the massive student aids offered by the government) have a very bleak outlook. Studies have shown that 17% of college graduates work in restaurants and bars while median salary has decreased between 2009 and 2010. As the country’s economic outlook is far from improving, and the cost of education is increasing, this is an issue worth exploring. The aim of this project is to determine what factors affect the college enrollment in the United States. This study utilizes a time-series analysis with observations from 1969 to 2009 included. Data on education was taken from the National Center for Education Statistics while employment data was taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data for income was derived from the calculations of the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The model (less constant and coefficients) for this analysis is: COLLEGE ENROLL = GRAD + AVG_ INCOME+%UNEMP The result or dependent variable, COL_ENROLL includes the total number of first-time freshmen who enrolled from the fall of 1969 to fall of 2009. It is calculated using the number of bachelor degrees conferred by higher education institutions, and expected post-graduation experiences (with unemployment and disposable income as proxy variables). GRAD, the first independent variable, represents the total number of bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree granting institutions. This data is compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics and it is vital because it shows how many students were retained by the school. Lesser number of bachelor’s degree holder can be used as an indicator of an institution’s quality of education (DeAngelo et al.). Moreover, low retention rates can mean that tuition fees are too high for students, and financial assistance is unavailable. The importance of utilizing GRAD is that low completion rates mean that there are more unskilled worker s in the labor force, which in turn can cause loss of efficiency and increased cost for training for hiring firms. AVG_INCOME is the disposable personal income received by all types of employees in the United States. It is seasonally adjusted at annual rates and indexed at 2005 dollars. This data has been utilizes because income has been a significant incentive for workers to become part or to remain part of the workforce. Moreover, the