Essay about The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping...

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of Behavior The nature/nurture investigation has been studied for many years by psychologists and it is a subject that is still in debate today. It brings up the question, how is our behaviour shaped, and the two sides of the answer are nature and nurture. Behaviour in the context of a human being can be described as; the way humans act and think in situations. What is meant by nature and nurture? Nature is the word used to describe the biological aspects that shape behaviour, for example genes. Nurture is the word used to describe the social aspects that shape behaviour, for example interaction with parents. This essay will cover both sides of†¦show more content†¦As well as Freud, others in this field believe it is hidden psychodynamic forces, or unconscious activities that shape human behaviour and thought. Freud believed that to understand behaviour you must be able to look at this inner most element of a person. Another theory that relates to the nature side of the nature/nurture debate is the trait approach. The trait theory was founded by a colleague of Freud called Carl Jung. There are many detailed aspects to this theory but one main one is that Jung believed these traits to be â€Å"inborn†. Many tests have been created over the years, theorists believe behaviour is shaped by opposites, for example: being either introvert (prefer the world inside yourself) or extrovert (prefer the outside world) would shape your behaviour. Others include: thinking or feeling and judging or perceiving. The trait theorists believe that these traits are built in us when we are born. A theory on the side of nature is the social learning theory. These theorists, that include Albert Bandura believed that people learn in a social environment. It is a theory that states in social situations people’s behaviour models the circumstances they are in. Bandura stated that this was done by â€Å"environmental reinforcement†. For example, a person changing the way they look to fit in, and subsequently getting accepted by the group. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Field And The Science Field942 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods towards a more viable and logical type of treatment such as medicine. The more abstract counterpart would be psychology, where the focus is not the chemical imbalances in the brain or any of those effects rather it focuses on the behavior process and the influence of people s behaviors and their stimulus. Mental illness is a very real problem, and it affects society and the world in various ways. These humans are often afflicted by the mental illnesses in their brains that make themRead MoreThe Nervous System And Controversy1143 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolving the nervous system stands in controversy. Just as the nature verses nurture debate explaining the nervous system involves researcher investigate the areas of the brain and spinal cord affected by disorders ,as well as the genetic factors, and environment factors involved in order to synthesize an understanding of the nervous system ‘s function (Gilbert, 2002). Construction of the Nervous System and Its Role in Shaping Behaviors There are two main divisions that comprise the nervousRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture994 Words   |  4 PagesNature and Nurture: How They Interact in Human Development Nature or Nurture, which of these are the most important in shaping who we are? â€Å"Are genetics or environmental factors more important?† (Berk, 2014, p. 5) Researchers have been arguing whether nature or nurture is the most influential force in shaping human beings for a long time. The answer seems to be a complex combination of both nature and nurture. One thing that everybody can agree on is that human beings are more than the sum of ourRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1218 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent people with different interests and preferences? Or did the environments that they grew up in play a part in making who they are? In the nature vs. nurture controversy, nature proclaims that our genetic make-up plays the primary role in human development, while nurture declares that our environment dictates our development. The nature vs. nurture controversy is an age old question in the scientific and psychological world with both camps having evidence to support their theories. The controversyRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 Pagesbackground plays more of a role in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual. Throughout this paper the effects of environmental and genetics factors on a person will be discussedRead MoreHuman Behavior: Nature vs. Nurture Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pageshave argued the Nature versus Nurture debate for decades. This debate is about the degree to which our environment and heredity, affects our behavior and developmental stages. According to this debate, nature can be described as, the behavior of a person is occurring because of their genetic makeup. Since the behavior of a person is due to their genetic makeup, then, it (nature) should also influence a person’s growth and development for the duration of their life. However, the nurture side of the debateRead MoreNature And Nurture s Effect On Behavior1690 Words   |  7 Pages Reaction Paper Two Nature and Nurture’s Effect on Behavior Katelyn M. Buchanan Ball State University PSYS 100:002 Hypothesis: The environment a child is raised in has a greater effect on their behavior than the nurture the child receives from their parents. My Initial Hypothesis The influence of one’s environment versus the influence of one’s parents and home life may not seem to be much of importance to the average individual. Prior to learning more about human psychological developmentRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture By Francis Galton1448 Words   |  6 Pagesyour environment just as much as your genes.† (Rich, 2015) In 1869, the phrase â€Å"nature vs. nurture was coined by an English polymath named Francis Galton. There are two sides to this debate, each with their own pros and con’s. Nature is the side that argues that the DNA and genotype humans are born with determines who they are and what personality and traits they will have throughout their lifetime. Whereas the nurture side of the debate argues that humans are born with sponges as minds, and throughRead MoreThe Role of Parents in Shaping a Child ´s Future Essay examples1239 Words   |  5 Pages I. My Question The topic I intend to research is the role of parents in shaping a child’s future. This paper will examine the idea of nature vs. nurture and relationships between parents and children in the play Romeo and Juliet and the modern world. I decided upon researching this topic because I find it fascinating that both personality characteristics and social and ideological beliefs are passed from parent to children, whether genetically, or simply the manner in which the child is raisedRead MoreNature vs Nurture, a Not Quite a Twin1684 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs Nurture A Not Quite Twin Study Tamara Richardson Seminole State College of Florida Abstract This paper is going to discuss the Nature vs Nurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. Interviews

Television And Commercialism Essay - 1544 Words

Television and Commercialism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Television is populated with images which are superficial and lack depth. Programs look more like ads and ads look more like programs. All this leads to a close circle of consumerism. The three excerpts relate to these unifying ideas thus the validity of their argument. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Surface is all; what you see is what you get. These images are proud of their standing as images. They suggest that the highest destiny of our time is to become cleansed of depth and specificity altogether.quot; (1). We live in a world populated by images. Childrens television has concocted small, preset groups of images such as rainbows for happiness, red hearts for warmth,†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Television, with all its highly touted diversity, seems to becoming more of a piece, more a set of permutations of a single cultural constant: television, our debased currency.quot; (4). TV looks like TV and when you look at it deeper it takes you back to itself, this is referred to as homogeneity. quot;But even as television becomes television—plus, it remains the national dream factory, bulletin board, fun house mirror for distorted images of our national desires and fears...And yet non of the metaphors seems quite right, because finally television is not quite anything else. It is just—television.quot; (5). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ads are becoming to look more like programs with the use of narrative strategies called quot;mini- narratives.quot; This strategy is used in a particular Pepsi commercial which models the TV show Miami Vice. It features Don Johnson and the music of Glenn Fry. It is almost as if the commercial is a three minute episode of the show. Similarly programs are beginning to look like ads. When Price Adam pulls out his sword in the show He-Man, he is encircled with lively, lightning flashes as he shouts in a deep, echoing, voice, quot;By the power of Grayskull... I have the power!quot; He then transforms into He-Man . This appears to be a commercial for the He-Man action figure and sword of power. There is a history behind program—length commercial. A cartoon Hot Wheels , which is also the name of aShow MoreRelatedConsumerism And Free Market Economy1509 Words   |  7 Pageswatching television, reading a magazine, or watching a sporting event without being flooded with the images of commercialism. Messages in our televisions and print sources that encourages us to buy are created by people who uses their talent to speak to both our conscious and subconscious desires. The products that we buy, the food that we consume, the clothes and shoes that we wear, and our everyday lives are influenced by commercialism. Proponents for commercialism can argue that commercialism as essentialRead MoreReality Television and the Dance World Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesexistence of the dance world, but they do not know much past that. T he assistance of reality television shows, such as Dance Moms, So You Think You Can Dance, and Dancing with the Stars, present the inner workings of the dance community to the general public. Unfortunately, the publicity can change how society perceives the dance world. Reality television affected the dance world by contributing an air of commercialism to it, influencing younger dancers to suppose the main focus should be in the eye-poppingRead More Music Television: Modern Phenomenon or Passing Fad? Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesMusic Television: Modern Phenomenon or Passing Fad?    Dr. Pitton’s Comments: This student was asked in this essay to write about the causes of a modern phenomena. In active prose, she did an excellent job both of detailing the popularity of music television in todays society and offering a variety of creative and innovative reasons for this effect.    MTV promotes a romanticized teen lifestyle, reflecting the images of famous artists that differ with the realities ofRead MoreEssay about Exploitative Commercials in Children’s TV Programming1359 Words   |  6 PagesObesity. Violence. For kids today in the United States, these are only a few of the problems linked to the child-targeted mass media, especially the multi- million dollar business—television commercials in children’s programming. With the disappearance of a TV-free environment, a typical American kid sees about 40,000 television advertisements each year, most of which are for soda, candy, video games, fast food and their free toys. In order to collect some information, I sat down on a Saturday morningRead MoreTelevision Advertising Effects1153 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision has a tremendous impact on the American culture. Even though television has positive effects, the negative effects of television outweigh the positive effects. The maj ority of television watched is through advertisements. Television advertisements have a great impact on Americans, especially the youth. In fact, a young person views 40,000 television advertisements per year (Committee on Communications). Concerning a child’s developing cognition and social pressures, television advertisementsRead MoreMultiracial Identity in Essays by Julia Alvarez and Danzy Senna876 Words   |  4 Pagesemergence in the mainstream is unlikely to be due to a more liberal attitude towards multicultural, multiethnic themes. The recent, newly found popularity demonstrates more of a realization that companies can exploit multiracialism for a profit. Commercialism exploits and co-opts the theme of multiculturalism in the name of profit. It glamorizes people who reveal their multicultural or multiracial background and makes them look exotic. However, it is imperative to understand, that these motives areRead MoreThe Modern Mentality Regarding the View of Art 1008 Words   |  5 Pageswhat art is; but really, what is art to us? Is it a good picture? Is it a catchy tune? Or is it the creativity in the creation of art itself? The effort put into trying to create art? Today, art has become such a general term. The onslaught of commercialism, hyper-stimulation, and modernization has caused people to lose an appreciation for art held by our forefathers, an appreciation that is caused by and affects much more than simply the way we view art, an appreciation that we need to re- Read MoreThe Theme Of Commercialism In White Noise By Don Delillo1547 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst the reality of life and death. One key message becomes clear early on in the book: The role of blinding commercialism in peoples lives provides comfort in its thoughtlessness. Commercialism does not encourage deep thought by any means, it instead preys on the quick impulses of the human mind. Murray points this out when talking to Jack about his students and their dislike of television, â€Å"‘Look at the wealth of data concealed in the grid, in the bright packaging, the jingles, the slice-of-lifeRead MoreStructural Changes To Programming To Attract Audiences .1785 Words   |  8 Pagespropaganda promoting commercialism, the changing of the structure of programming in efforts to direct attention to advertisements also demonstrates this focus. The structure of television programming often consists of cliff hangers, the use of commercial breaks, banners, and sensationalism to attract as many audience members as possible. In Paul Nesbitt-Larking’s book Politics, Society, and the Media, he quotes polit ical and communications scholar Dallas Smythe who â€Å"refers to television programming asRead MoreChildhood Obesity: Fast Food Companies Are To Blame Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the factors that is usually overlooked in the cause for obesity is the role of television. Not only does it reduce the amount of physical activity, the advertisements and commercials are targeting innocent viewers. In a survey completed by Gary Ruskin of Commercial Alert, the average child watches nearly 19 hours and 40 minutes of television a week (Ruskin 2). With that amount of time spent watching television, advertisements for fast food will be entering the children’s minds. Commercials

Deja Vu Essay Example For Students

Deja Vu Essay Dj vu, this term has been around for quite awhile now, but what exactly does it mean. Many of us use this term in conversation and writing with out knowing the correct meaning of the word, or even what it truly is. The word dj vu has basically become a cover-all label for any hard to explain occurrences which have an eerie and unexpected recognition, or just someone having trouble identifying the events that seem so strangely and intensely familiar. I hope my paper can help put a stop to that and give people some insight to what exactly this phenomena is. Dj vu has been mistaken for many other associations ranging from reincarnation to temporal lobe epilepsy. So many so, that the people who study it would like to do away with the term dj vu and draw attention to the 3 more specifics forms which are: 1 Dj Vecu, 2 Dj Senti, and 3 Dj Visite. Being that the first to investigate these phenomena were the French, the names remain in French. First off, lets discuss Dj Vecu, which means already experienced or lived though. This can be described best in quote from Charles Dickens, We have all some experience of a feeling, that comes over us occasionally, of what we are saying and doing having been said and done before, in a remote time of our having been surrounded, dim ages ago, by the same faces, objects and circumstances of our knowing perfectly what will be said next as if we suddenly remember it! When people have this feeling mentioned above, they call it dj vu if they even know a name for it at all. One third of the population have had such or similar experiences and surveys have shown that such experiences tend to occur more frequently and more intensely in younger peoplebetween ages 15 25. In that group, the phenomenon is so striking the memory of the occurrence lasts for years. This is because these experiences dont just involve one of the senses, like sightit also includes hearing, touch, and taste. Thats the reason it should not be referred to as simply dj vu any longer, dj vecu describes it much better. Another feature of dj vecu is that, along with amazing detail being involved, you are totally conscious that everything conforms to your memory of it when you are in the midst of the occurrence. This rules out that the person could have just read about or experienced something similar because the detail wouldnt be so great. This also rules out an explanation based on reincarnation and past lives because the typical dj veca experience is of an everyday activity like grocery shopping or driving in your car listening to your favorite CD, but in a previous life those types of activities would be nothing alike because of the time factor. Modern physicists are beginning to believe the notion of time loops and multiple universes are not as farfetched as it might seem at first glance. But most are sticking with the thoughts of precognitive knowledge via visions and dreams. The next form of dj, Dj Senti means already felt. 3 key features make it very easy to distinguish between this and the other forms: A. Dj senti is primarily a mental happening, B. There are no precognitive aspects in which the person feels he or she knows in advance what will be said or done, and C. It seldom remains in the afflicted persons memory long afterwards. Also, dj senti can appear in the beginning of a temporal lobe epilepsy attack. .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .postImageUrl , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:visited , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:active { border:0!important; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:active , .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1904d7c1aca38d76c70feb306570a64f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Role of parenting EssayThe final form of Dj is dj visite or already visited. This occurs more rarely then other dj. This is when a person will go to a new location they have never been before, yet they still find it familiar and knows their way around completely. Dj visite has to do with the 3 spatial dimensions, height, width, and depth. To distinguish this from dj vecu you have to ask if it purely about inanimate objects and buildings or does the person play a role in the location. Some explanations for dj visite are, the person could have once read a detail account of the place and forgotten. Some say reincarnation could play a role in this or even an out-of-body experi ence allowed them to visit the place before. One more thing to mention is that a mixed occurrence of the 3 dj can occur. Now that you know there are different forms of dj and what exactly they are you can to take notice to that eerie feeling you get while waiting in line at the mall or eating out at a new restaurant. You can try to figure out if it truly is dj, or a coincidence. Maybe now you will believe too. Bibliography:

Prince Al

Executive Summary Entrepreneurship is today an important aspect of our economy. Development of business channels is a complex phenomenon influenced by both the internal and external factors. An Entrepreneur is defined as a person who organizes and manages all business undertakings whereby he/she assumes the risks for the sake of making a profit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Mirjam van Praag (2005, 41), a successful entrepreneur and author, â€Å"The entrepreneur is our visionary, the creator in each of us. We’re born with that quality and it defines our lives as we respond to what we see, hear, feel, and experience. An entrepreneur is a person who ventures out, one who prefers change as a means of growth and is prepared to take risks and is aware of the possibility of success as well as the consequences of failure. John (2007) sta tes that internal factors originate in policies and attitude of the entrepreneur themselves in controlling the business, external factors are always beyond the control of the entrepreneur, therefore these are what account for unpredictability of returns and risks assumed by the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial motivation is regarded as one of the most important factors in becoming a successful entrepreneur. It is a factor which accelerates the pace of economic development by bringing the people to undertake risk bearing activities to make profits. Many countries tend to give more attention to the development of entrepreneurship because it is not the propriety quality of any individual caste or community (Economic East Economic Digest ltd, 2007) Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal Prince Al- Waleed Bin Talal is the founding owner of a renowned investment company known as Kingdom Holding Company. He is an entrepreneur and international investor, according to Forbes 2009; he is rated to be worth o ver 28 billion dollars making him among the 25 richest people in the world. He was â€Å"born on March 7th, 1955 in a royal family and he is the son to Prince Talal the son of Saudis founding King Abdul Azizi Al Saud and Princess Mona El-Solh who was the daughter of Riad El-solh the first prime minister of modern day Lebanon and a leader of the Lebanese independence† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 49).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He attended King Abdul Aziz Military academy as this is the place his father thought would instill discipline to this son who later moved to United States of America to peruse his higher education. He graduated â€Å"from Menlo College in 1979 with a bachelor’s degree in science in business administration and a Masters in Social Science from Maxwell School of Syracuse University† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 49). Prince Al-Waleed, as he is co mmonly known, has cumulated his fortune through investing in properties and stocks. Kingdom holding contains his investment companies such as CitiGroup and News Corp. He has a variety of businesses ranging from health, I.T companies, resorts and entertainment thus he is an entrepreneur whom I admire the most because for a long time the royal family of Saudi Arabia has been an embracement because of how extravagant they have been most especially after Saudi Arabia helped Iraq invade Kuwait back in 1990. The prince clearly is a generous and resourceful person who is also very philanthropic. Moreover, he has demonstrated that by his own hard work and intelligence whereby he can gain larges amounts of wealth through his own investments even though he is a Prince (Rick Kuratko 2010, 43). His impact to the world The world acknowledges and praises the prince efforts as he is admired all over the world and is termed as a long term investor who has the ability to also recognize the underrat ed companies. According to the time magazine, he is referred to as â€Å"Arabian Warren Buffet. People became more acquitted with him after the September 11 attacks in United States when he presented a check worth $10 million dollars as his effort relief for the Twin Towers to the city mayor Rudy Giuliani. He presented gifts as a way of promoting the study of Islam and Muslim culture to America’s Harvard and Georgetown Universities. The gifts were estimated to cost $ 20 million U.S. dollars each. Georgetown University recorded the gift as the 2nd major donation in its entire history while in Harvard it was among the 25th major contributions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He has made various financial contributions to various charitable activities across the world especially in the Middle East Asia and Africa. His Annual contributions are estim ated to be worth $100 million dollars much of which are used in educational fields in a bid to try to bridge the gap between western and Islamic communities. He does this through â€Å"contributing and funding centers of American studies and research in universities in the Middle East and centers of Islamic studies in American universities† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 69). Prince Alwaleed drive to Success The prince did not involve himself with politics even though he was from the royal reign. He has been outspoken because of his views in disapproving traditional political practices thus he desired to be self employed and have the ability to invest as much as he could; these are the main reasons why he instead chose to involve himself in business and financial fields. The period in which Saudi Arabia experienced an oil boom marked the beginning of the Prince’s business venture. He returned to Saudi Arabia in the early 1980s soon after completing his studies in a bid to benefi t from the rising oil boom. His father gave him $ 30,000 to start his own business and build a house. Bin Talal sold the house and invested the money in construction focusing on real estate. His first venture was and is still known as Kingdom Investment Establishment where the gains from the business were promising as he was able to make profits from his ventures. He continued to build his fortune through making his investments in brand name companies which he considered the market had failed to appreciate them. Companies like, Time Warner Inc., Forbes magazine, Apple Inc and News Corp which were estimated to be worth $21 billion are some of the brand name companies he invested on. He is an entrepreneur who invests with a vision for long-term return in addition; his personality can be described as simple, articulate and energetic as he attributes his passion to success, performance, and achievement. When the shares appreciate according to Al-Waleed, he sees this as the ‘ultima te kick’ as his investments are those that provide long-term returns.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alwaleed’s fame as an international investor came when he invested with the Citicorp (Citibank) during a recession period which had seen a sharp fall in its stock price. This investment saw him invest $590 million dollars making him the largest share holder. Citibank is an investment that made him earn 20 times more its value from $590 million to $7 billion in stock. This furnished his reputation as a savvy investor and a banker. In 2007 these stocks values were said to cost averagely each $42 as compared to $2.98 at the time of the recession according to Bloomberg records (Gerald 2005, 96). Besides investing in brand names Al-Waleed was very articulate with providing his company with an excellent and strong management team that would help in executing successful recovery plans since most of the companies he had invested in were facing difficulties. According to him, these companies were not badly off; instead all they needed was some amount of money and guidance in managemen t for them to succeed. His management qualities consist of integrity, openness having a good strategy, straight forwardness and the ability to come up with good management plans. (Rick Kuratko 2010, 97) The prince, like many other successful entrepreneurs invest for long term purposes. He states that, â€Å"There are some assets I would never sell,† he says. â€Å"My Citigroup shares will never be sold; my Four Seasons [the luxury hotel group] shares will never be sold; some of my strategic hotels, for example the George V, will never be sold. My News Corporation shares will never be sold and my Time Warner shares will never be sold† (Peter 2008, 29). His reason for holding onto his shares is for the basis that their costs are very high in terms of entry barrier. For this reason, it would be challenging for their competitors to outdo them since they hold and have their respective market share to themselves. From what he makes as his annual income which is approximatel y $ 500 (dividends only), he is able to obtain massive plunder by keeping a hold of his shares. What he finds as his biggest challenge is the ability to find new opportunities, that’s the reason why he has at least 10 very close advisors, five of whom are working in the Citigroup banking team which is responsible for assisting him makes solemn decisions. He believes in working with a team of critical thinkers who don’t necessarily have to agree to all his suggestions although he has the final word on decisions concerning his investments (Mirjam van Praag 2005, 45). Challenges faced by prince Al- Waleed Success comes with its challenges, although Al-Waleed is a great investor and entrepreneur, he has made his mistakes from time to time. It is clear that having to look after so many companies is not an easy task as there will not be any given time that all the companies will be running smoothly. A good example is when the Citigroup shares depreciated stimulating the valu e of his holding down by $ 640 million. From his perspective in tackling a challenge like this one, one is advised not to sell as he says â€Å"When there is panic am always happy†. To get out of the crisis his strategy was based on not selling while explaining that the greatest deals can be established straight afterwards. He does not panic in times of crisis since he believes in long term investments. Prince Alwaleed attributes his success to his ability to ensure that once he sets his mind to doing something he commits himself and does it spectacularly if not he really does not do anything at all. Nevertheless, he has faced a lot of challenges in his line of business and still continues to face them. One of the major challenges that he faces as an international investor is the numerous policies and bureaucracies set up by foreign government where his investments are based. These bureaucracies usually make it hard for him to run business effectively as many rules and framew orks placed by the governments slow down the rate of business operations and even increase the cost of operations. In addition, the bureaucracies have also affected the quality of human resource in his companies as some of the policies require that any foreign owned company ought to employ a certain percentage of the local population and it also further checks on the maximum amount of shares that a foreigner can own in a locally based company. In addition, fluctuations of dollar rates usually affect the worth of his investments thus resulting in sudden decrease in revenues or worth of shares in a certain company. More recently, he was greatly affected by the recession an issue that saw him record major losses in his companies for instance, Citigroup. Examples of other relevant entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial examples Steve Jobs is also considered as one of the greatest entrepreneurs. He dropped out from college after he felt school was not helping him figure out what he wanted to do in life. Today he runs a company which records over $300 billion in the market cap. Steve chairs the board of Apple, a company he co-founded in 1976, which is a leading manufacturer of technological gadgets revolutionizing iPod and its family of iPod media players and iTunes media stores† (Rick Kuratko 2010, 49). He believes in relying on ones own instincts as a way of making very reasonable and effective decisions other than relying on logic reasoning. Steve explains that following ones gut feelings is an excellent strategy for entrepreneurial success that is why he dropped out of college in a quest to try to overtly chart a course for his life by making eccentric decisions by relying on his gut feeling. At 20, he and his friend Steve Wozniak, a brilliant engineer, started their own company in a garage and named it Apple I. The duo uniquely merged an artist finest and an engineer’s vision to build what today is one of the greatest companies in America. Steve is con sidered as one of the most successful entrepreneurs in American history and he is described by his workers and colleagues as captivating, creative thinker, hardnosed and a perfectionist. His biggest dream was having a world existing in technological era and he worked towards this goal driving it to success. He is also considered a hard-edged businessman and very good negotiator in our time. In addition he was able to change the course of personal computers after inventing apple the first computer to feature a mouse and a graphical UI, transforming the mobile market. He has gone through failures during his work time. His apple company was facing stiff competition from its rival company IBM loosing major sales thus to increase the company’s sales, a new creation was invented named Lisa however, it was a total failure. They invented another machine known as Macintosh and it became a total success through Jobs push for the completion of the project (CQ Press 2003, 143). He was on ce kicked out of Apples Company after a dispute in 1985 when he was fired but he did not lose faith although he sold $ 20 million worth of his stock. To him his failure was a new beginning for success as he was able to start a new creative period of his life. Steve spent the next few years working on his new companies NeXT and Pixar which were a great success. With his great negotiating skills he was able to convince Apple to buy neXT at a time when Apple was experiencing immense competition from Microsoft. Convincing apple to buy neXT would be an opportunity to make a new software foundation of next- generation Mac Operating Systems whereby afterwards he was then made the CEO at Apple’s which returned immense profits including introducing new innovations like iPod. According to him, what kept him going was his love for the kind of work he was doing as he believed that for an individual to be truly satisfied one had to believe in great work. Key entrepreneurial attributes tha t contribute to Prince Al-weed success Sir Winston Churchill quotes, â€Å"Success is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm†. To be a successful entrepreneur one has to continue aspiring to achieve their goals despite the setbacks that recur. To become a successful entrepreneur and business leader one must show relevant characteristics that describe one as a leader (Neil 2010, 56). These characteristics include; self esteem which means that an individual regards him/herself as of great value to enable one face up tough challenges. An entrepreneur has to have the need to achieve which is defined as the passion and ability to achieve set goals. These individuals show openness to feedback, they are focused and goal oriented and their biggest desire is to achieve and accomplish their goals based on their own efforts. Business leaders and successful entrepreneurs are keen in screening for opportunity, the ability to know what is useful and what is useless. Succes sful entrepreneurs’ are known to screen information as they seek for new growth opportunities. This is one of Al-Waleed strategy in becoming a successful entrepreneur. In the business world it is common to see a businesses being established but it does not last for long. Peter (2008, 20) states â€Å"successful people are those that last tend to share a common characteristic, the ability to relentlessly oversee that they accomplish their goals.† Successful entrepreneurs like Al-waleed define their targets which they understand very well by putting priorities first as they work. Successful entrepreneurs’ are also bound to be optimistic individuals, when they are faced with challenges; they view it as a new opportunity to set new directions. Courage is another characteristic of successful entrepreneurs, most successful entrepreneurs’ are not afraid to take risks (David 2003, 49). For one to take that step to build a company basically from the ground, it req uires a lot of courage especially because of the many challenges one is thought to pass through as the business thrives. Entrepreneurs are encouraged to have low tolerance for ambiguity to incline towards establishing large organizations also many entrepreneurs regard motivation as a very import aspect in defining a successful entrepreneur. Motivation factors are both internal and external things like needs, desires will power rewards, punishments failures, these contribute to an entrepreneurs’ ability to keep on striving despite the challenges and views of others. These are some of the characteristics that Prince Al-Waleed has portrayed over the years since he established his own company. Prince Al-Waleed potential future moves Prince Al- Waleed bin Talal announced his plans to build the world’s tallest tower signing a $ 1.2 billion contract, a building that is said to be more than 3,280 sq feet. He is also involved in significant holdings which include Apple Computer , Priceline, Plant Hollywood and Euro Disney among others. In addition, his foundation is one of his greatest achievements and in future, the foundation is planning to introduce new projects as it develops the existing ones as it also tries to alleviate poverty in affected areas. The foundation is also responsible of providing humanitarian services by responding to natural disasters and promoting cultural initiatives as he tries to unite Muslims and Christians (The Architects’ journal 2005, 15). The Saudi billionaire has also invested to become one of the biggest share holders with about 5.8 % of the media shares of News Corp, the parent company of Fox News and Dow Jones Co. This figure is what he aims to expand his alliances with the great media organizations in a way to establish growth. During the global meltdown, his investments faced challenges that forced him to transfer about 180 million of his shares from Citigroup to Kingdom holding. According to him this step would enable future growth since it was valued to cost about $600 million. Concluding remarks on Prince AL-Waleed entrepreneur Prince Al-Waleed is an individual who sets a goal and is ready to achieve them by all means. The goals he sets, he pursues them with an unremitting obstinacy and particulate of purpose. His investments in the dot-com boom like investing in eBay, Amazon among others have raised the share holding profits. After the September 11th attacks Al-Waleed increased his shareholdings in Citigroup and Time Warner by $1 billion. He talks about his investments with such fondness as he believes in helping those in need. Explaining that the Islam law orders that one should give to charitable trust 2.5% of a certain fraction of an individual’s assets, he therefore donates $ 100 for charity and good cause annually. â€Å"I believe,† Al-Waleed says, â€Å"that every person, when God gives them all these blessings, has a responsibility to give back to the world. You c an’t just stack money – it is not right.† Finally, Successful entrepreneurs invest for long term purposes that are what Al-Waleed goals are when making his investments. References CQ Press., 2003. Global issues: selections from The CQ researcher Edition2, New York, NY: CQ Press. David, S., 2003. Successful Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Jeffrey Norton Pub. Economic East Economic Digest, 2007. â€Å"Entrepreneur.† MEED. Volume 51, Issues 18-25 Gerald L. P., 2005. Secrets of the kingdom: the inside story of the Saudi-U.S. connection. New York, NY: Random House. Greenwood Publishing Group. John, B., 2007. A psychological typology of successful entrepreneurs. London: McGraw Hill. Mirjam van Praag, J., 2005.Successful entrepreneurship: confronting economic theory with empirical practice. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Neil, L., 2010. 100 Rules for Entrepreneurs: Real-life Business Lessons. New York, NY: Cengage. Peter C., 2008. â€Å"Opportunity Dubai: Maki ng a Fortune in the Middle East.† Harriman House Series Vol 5, issues 18-23. Rick, H., Kuratko, D., 2010. Entrepreneurship: Theory Process and Practice, 2nd Edition. Sydney: Cengage Learning. The Architects’ journal, 2005. Buildings of 21st century. New York, NY: Architectural Press ltd. This essay on Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal was written and submitted by user Britney Jarvis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.