Individual Report on Econometric Models The WritePass Journal

Singular Report on Econometric Models Setting Singular Report on Econometric Models ) likewise called attention to. Additionally, the model unmistakably sought after a gauge for numerous conditions in the examination, whereby the quantity of these conditions were commensurate to the quantity of classes short 1. The investigation likewise indicated that every condition demonstrated the chances of being in a class, which is reliable with the arranged logit model (Sadler, 2008; Allegrezza and Dubrocard, 2012). Note that the utilization of the previously mentioned models for the two investigations was reliable with their expectation to evaluate or quantify factors so as to think of goal and orderly outcomes for the connection among pay and satisfaction. The two examinations picked to utilize information from built up informational collections (ESS and GSS) to clearly encourage speculation of discoveries, with which they were effective. It might be brought up that Oshio and colleagues’ (2011) results were harmonious withâ Caporale and colleagues’ (2009), mirroring the legitimacy of the latter’s discoveries.  References Aldrich, J. H.m Alt, J. E., and Lupia, A. (2007) Positive Changes in Political Science: The Legacy of Richard D. McKelvey’s Most Influential Writings. Michigan: University of Michigan. Allegrezza and Dubrocard (2012) Internet Econometrics. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan. Caporale, G. M., Georgellis, Y., Tsitsianis, N., Yin, Y. P. (2009) Income and satisfaction across Europe: Do reference esteems matter? Diary of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51. Gailmard, S. (2014) Statistical Modeling and Inference for Social Science. NY: Cambridge University Press. Gill (2008) Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach, Second Edition. NW: Chapman Hall/CRC.  Jones, A. (2007) Applied Econometrics for Health Economists: A Practical Guide. Second Edition. Oxon: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.â  Oshio, T., Nozak, K., and Kobayashi, M. (2011) Relative pay and satisfaction in Asia: Evidence from across the nation studies in China, Japan, and Korea. Social Indicators Research, 104 (3), 351-367.  Sadler, A. M. (2008) Determinants of Entrepreneurial Behavior among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant University Scientists in the US: The Impact of Cultural Predispositions and Learning. MI: ProQuest LLC.

Roles of Manager free essay sample

What are the jobs of administrator in association? A compelling chief will achieve huge effect on life, development, and improvement of an association. In light of the exploration done by Mintzberg (1973) about the idea of administrative work or practices, he had distinguished ten explicit jobs most ordinarily observed inside associations. These ten explicit jobs were ordered into three classifications, including relational, enlightening and decisional jobs as follows:- First classification is relational jobs. Relational jobs includes the practices related with human communication I. e. jobs that permit an administrator to communicate with their representatives to accomplish hierarchical objectives. There are three jobs recorded under relational jobs I. e. nonentity, pioneer and contact. Second classification is educational jobs. Enlightening jobs are jobs where an administrator creates and shares information to effectively accomplish authoritative objectives. The three jobs recorded under educational jobs are screen, spread and representative. Third and last classification is decisional jobs. We will compose a custom exposition test on Jobs of Manager or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Decisional jobs incorporate jobs, for example, business person, aggravation handler, asset allocator and mediator. For this task, I have chosen three articles on two notable supervisors in Malaysia portraying three distinctive administrative jobs they played in their separate associations. The main chief is Tan Sri Dr. Tony Fernandes (â€Å"Fernandes†), the gathering CEO (â€Å"CEO†) and originator of AirAsia Berhad (â€Å"AirAsia†) and the articles chose are, 1) â€Å"Tony Fernandes †Dream the Impossible† dated 22 November composed by Chris Forrest Harvey, and 2) â€Å"Fying on Budget† dated 3 December 2010 distributed in Forbes. The subsequent supervisor is Mr. Kellee Kam (â€Å"Kam†), bunch overseeing executive of RHB Capital Berhad dependent on the article â€Å"The Young Banker and the Maestro† dated 4 June 2012 distributed in The Edge Malaysia. In these three articles, I will investigate the administrative jobs showed by these two directors identifying with relational jobs and decisional jobs being pioneer job, business visionary job and arbitrator job separately. Pioneer Role Leader job is chiefly all administrative exercises including subordinates. A portion of these activities included authority, model the recruiting and terminating, building associations with representatives and speaks with, propels, and mentors them. Obligations are on the most fundamental level of the director subordinate relationship and incorporate conveying execution objectives, organizing and spurring subordinates, administering their advancement, advancing and empowering their turn of events, doling out duties, appointing power inside the firm, characterizes the structures and workplaces Meanwhile Mintzberg (1973) a supervisor is accountable for a hierarchical unit and subsequently is liable for crafted by the individuals of that unit. In this way his activities in such manner comprise the pioneer job. In view of the â€Å"Dream Impossible Article†, I will investigate in subtleties the presentation of a pioneer job by Fernandes. Coming up next are models set out in the said article which indicated Fernandes’ job and activities in building a one of a kind work culture and condition in AirAsia:- Staff advancement and inspiration, advancing and empowering their turn of events. Staff are called Allstar and they are urge to learn, develop, and to accomplish their fantasies and seek after their interests. Fernandes utilizes â€Å"dream the incomprehensible, accept the extraordinary, and never take no for an answer† as the organization theory and to develop it as a feature of the DNA of AirAsia. Fernandes clarifies to his staff that they don't have to remain where they are, ten years not far off. Staff with great execution are offered chances to build up their profession further and be advanced. There was one model where a woman who was recruited as an airline steward at AirAsia Thailand. A year into it, she asked Fernandes that she might want to be a pilot. Fernandes showed that on the off chance that she can get the pertinent testaments, he would favor it. She did and she turned out to be first official and along these lines she turned out to be full time chief and flying the plane. By living his fantasies which is to possess an aircraft organization, own a football crew and own a F1 group, Fernandes’ own models urges his staff to seek after their fantasies; Hire the correct individual. When Fernandes employs individuals, he searches for two things I. e. the craving in their eyes and enthusiasm in their souls. Fernandes and his accomplices both were in the music business preceding taking over AirAsia and they didn’t know anything about carrier industry. But since they had enthusiasm, they were happy to buckle down. So when Fernandes employs, he searches for the correct individual which is an individual with enthusiasm for avionics work. To Fernandes, his AirAsia staff are what makes AirAsia in front of rivalries; Communicating objectives and appointing duties. AirAsia’s motivation is straightforward dependent on the slogan â€Å"Everyone can fly. † It isn't only an infectious trademark yet it is the thing that Fernandes and AirAsia staff really do. It is a strategic Fernandes ingrained in AirAsia staff and this move them to do everything conceivable to accomplish this objective. AirAsia staff work isn't simply to top off the seats however to empower individuals to fly and they accept when AirAsia empower individuals to fly, they unite families, companions together, and youngsters and guardians together. Esteemed staff. Fernandes built up a working climate where his representatives realize that they are important to their association. Mr Tony focused on that individuals were the greatest resource for an association and to him â€Å"employees come number one, clients number two supposing that you have a glad workforce, they will take care of your clients at any rate. † Separate the order connection among director and subordinates. Fernandes urges AirAsia staff to make some noise and he needs to get â€Å"every cerebrum in the game† by loosening up convention and separating dividers. His view is that AirAsia is definitely not a small time appear. The organization needs all the 10,000 major cerebrums working for them. In doing as such, Fernandes makes AirAsia workspace into an open arrangement workspace where no one has room. Truly †AirAsia senior administration sits with all other Allstar in an open floor plan. Also, every staff has his contact number with the goal that individuals from task young men to senior the board will simply call, content, and email him legitimately, and they get issues explained rapidly; and Staff preparing. Fernandes began a preparation foundation in Kuala Lumpur in light of the fact that he accepts firmly in preparing and developing the organization own assets. AirAsia staff from various nations will come to KL to be prepared in one month and when they leave, they leave with AirAsia culture with them. Business visionary A director is wearing a business visionary cap when he recognizes new thoughts, actualizes developments, looks for circumstances, and plans for what's to come. Further, he searches for approaches to improve profitability and proficiency inside his association and guides the change procedure from advancement to execution. Mintzberg (1973) demonstrated that a business person is somebody who looks to improve his unit and adjust to changing conditions in condition. He is likewise portrayed as the intentional initiator of progress. In light of the â€Å"Fying on Budget† article, I will investigate in subtleties the showcase of a business person job by Fernandes. Coming up next are models set out in the said article which demonstrated Fernandes’ enterprise jobs and activities in AirAsia: Low-cost idea, new thought, new market. Rebate aircrafts in Asia? At that point years prior they scarcely existed, and in numerous nations the normal shopper couldn’t stand to fly anyplace. Be that as it may, a specialist of progress was grinding away to change the conditions of the exchange. Fernandes assumed control over the Malaysia’s at that point sickly AirAsia in 2001 and relaunched it as a straightforward carrier in the shape of Ireland’s Ryanair dependent on spending aircrafts model, for example, internet booking, no free suppers or beverages, a basic armada line-up, an attention on short and medium range flights, snappy turnaround times in air terminals. AirAsia was ready to harvest structure the repressed interest for modest ticket. Presently almost a fifth of the region’s aircraft seats are provided by ease bearers, and the offer for local trips in certain nations is a lot higher. Sydney’s Center for Asia Pacific Aviation, which orders insights on the minimal effort transporters, sees fast development quickening, with spending seats making up a large portion of the region’s limit by 2015. What is surprising is that this blast owes such a great amount to a solitary, alluring pioneer, Fernandes. From that point forward Fernandes has changed Asia-Pacific air travel by presenting the ease idea and pushing nations to let loose their carrier markets. After AirAsia pioneered the path, somewhere in the range of two dozen other spending transporters followed. Actualize developments and enhancements. Today Fernandes has develop AirAsia as the biggest ease bearer in Asia-Pacific locale, with almost 8,000 representatives, 100 planes and 140 courses including 40 that no aircraft had served previously. Fernandes additionally set up Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia, every where AirAsia has 49% state and this permit AirAsia to work productively across outskirts. Further, after the accomplishment of AirAsia’s short-pull flights, in 2007, AirAsia set up AirAsiaX and ventured into long stretch flights. Fernandes calls it â€Å"AirAsia on steroids,† with tolls as low as half underneath the inheritance transporter costs for departures from Kuala Lumpur to Australia, Tokyo, Seoul, Jeddah, Theran, London and, soon, Paris and Christchurch. This empower AirAsia flies throu

100 Must-Read Books from the 90s

100 Must-Read Books from the 90s Bring out your turtlenecks and combat boots, and join us in reading our way down  the 1990s! (If you, like me, are a 90s kid, you can pick a book from this list to tick off an item on our Read Harder Challenge 2016.) Some notes: I have tried to avoid series like Harry Potter and A Song of Ice and Fire, YA like The Perks of Being a Wallflower, and novels like Fight Club and Infinite Jest: these are books that readers everywhere already know about; weve either already read them and watched the TV/movie adaptations, or never plan to. This is not to say that Rowling and Chuck Palahniuks contributions to the literature of the 90s is not valuable, but so as to leave space for other brilliant works from the decadeto discover something new.  I have also avoided the repetition of authors. Since this list is not genre-specific, I have tried to tag each  book with the shortest possible description after listing it: an indication to its genre, and whether it is fiction or non-fiction; a novel, play, or short story collection. Poetry anthologies and comics are listed separately. A Fine Balance by Rohinton Mistry (novel, historical  literary fiction) A Girl Named Disaster by Nancy Farmer (YA novel, historical fiction) Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes by Tony Kushner (Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award-winning play) Art by Yasmina Reza (Tony Award-winning play) A Suitable Boy by Vikram Seth (novel, historical literary fiction) Bag of Bones by Stephen King (novel, fiction, horror) Behind the Scenes at the Museum by Kate Atkinson (novel, historical fiction) Birds of America by Lorrie Moore (short story collection, literary fiction) Blindness by José Saramago (novel, dystopian science fiction) Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge Danticat (novel, historical fiction) Charming Billy by Alice McDermott (novel, contemporary fiction) City of Djinns by William Darymple (travelogue/novel set in Delhi, India) Cuckold by Kiran Nagarkar (novel, historical fiction) Dance Dance Dance by Haruki Murakami (translated to English by Alfred Birnbaum in 1994; novel, fiction, magic realism) Dangerous Angels (Weetzie Bat #1-5) by Francesca Lia Block (YA fantasy fiction, magic realism) Delhi by Khushwant Singh (novel, contemporary fiction) Difficult Daughters by Manju Kapur (novel, literary fiction) Dreams from my Father by Barack Obama (non-fiction, memoir) Drown by Junot Díaz (short story collection, fiction) Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture by Douglas Coupland (novel, contemporary fiction) Ghostwritten by David Mitchell (novel, contemporary/literary fiction) Good Omens by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett (novel, fantasy fiction) High Fidelity by Nick Hornby (novel, contemporary fiction) Holes by Louis Sachar (YA novel, Newberry Award-winner) Imaginary Homelands by Salman Rushdie (collection of essays) In an Antique Land by Amitav Ghosh (a narrative ethnography) Indian Ink by Tom Stoppard (play, themes of art and culture) Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (short story collection, Pulitzer Prize-winner) Jazz by Toni Morrison (novel, historical fiction) Mr. Murder by Dean Koontz (novel, fiction, horror) My Name is Red by Orhan Pamuk (novel, historical fiction) My Year of Meats by Ruth Ozeki (novel, contemporary fiction) Northern Lights by Philip Pullman (YA novel, fantasy fiction) Of Love and Other Demons by Gabriel García Márquez (novel, fiction, magic realism) On Love by Alain de Botton (novel, fiction, romance) Outlander by Diana Gabaldon (novel, speculative fiction/historical romance) Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse (novel, childrens fiction/YA) Possession by A. S. Byatt (novel, historiographic metafiction) Pulp by Charles Bukowski (novel, detective fiction) Rats Saw God by Rob Thomas (YA novel) Sabriel by Garth Nix (YA novel, fantasy) Scenes from a Writers Life by Ruskin Bond (memoir) Skellig by David Almond (novel, childrens fiction, magic realism) Shiloh by Phyllis Naylor (novel, childrens fiction/YA) So Far From God by Ana Castillo (novel, feminist/fantasy fiction) The Bad Beginning  (A Series of Unfortunate Events #1) by Lemony Snicket (novel, childrens fiction, absurdist/mystery) The English Patient by Michael Ondaatje (novel, historical/contemporary fiction) The Giver by Lois Lowry (YA novel, utpoian/dystopian) The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy (novel, historical/literary fiction) The Haunted Land: Facing Europes Ghosts After Communism by Tina Rosenberg (non-fiction, European History) The Hedge Knight by George R. R. Martin (novella, high fantasy fiction) The Intuitionist by Colson Whitehead (novel, speculative fiction) The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven by Sherman Alexie (short story collection, fantasy fiction) The Magicians Assistant by Ann Patchett (novel, literary fiction) The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency by Alexander McCall Smith (novel, mystery/detective fiction) The Robber Bride by Margaret Atwood (novel, literary fiction) The Secret History by Donna Tartt (novel, fiction, inverted detective story) The Sparrow by  Mary Doria Russell (novel, science fiction) The Thief by Megan Whalen Turner (YA novel, fantasy/adventure) The Unconsoled by Kazuo Ishiguro (novel, contemporary fiction) The Vagina Monologues by Eve Ensler (play, feminist non-fiction) Three Tall Women by Edward Albee (Pulitzer Prize-winning play, fiction) Tipping the Velvet by Sarah Waters (novel, fiction, historical romance) Trying to Grow by Firdaus Kanga (novel, fiction) Walk Two Moons by Sharon Creech (YA novel, fiction) White Teeth by Zadie Smith (novel, literary fiction) Wise Children by Angela Carter (novel, fiction, magic realism) Wit by Margaret Edson (Pulitzer Prize-winning play, themes of mortality and human relationships) Woman Hollering Creek by Sandra Cisneros (poetic short story collection) . POETRY ANTHOLOGIES Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Cafe  (edited by Miguel Algarín and Bob Holman) An Atlas of the Difficult World by Adrienne Rich Birthday Letters by Ted Hughes Falling Up by Shel Silverstein First Four Books of Poems by  Louise Gluck Jimmy and Rita by Kim Addonizio Love Poems by Nikki Giovani New and Selected Poems by Mary Oliver She by Saul Williams The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes . COMICS Astro City, Vol. 1: Life in the Big City by Kurt Busiek, art by Brent Anderson Bone, Vol. 1: Out from Boneville by Jeff Smith Basara Vol. 1 by Yami Tamura Black Panther  #1 by Christopher J. Priest, art by  Joe Quesada, Mark Texeira Card Captor Sakura, Vol. 1 by CLAMP Complete Dykes to Watch Out For by Alison Bechdel Doom Patrol, #64 to 87 by Rachel Pollack Ghost World by Daniel Clowes Rurouni Kenshin, Vol. 1 by Nobuhiro Watsuki Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began by Art Spiegelman Monster, Vol. 1:  Herr Dr. Tenma by Naoki Urasawa Palestine  #1-2 by Joe Sacco Preacher, Vol. 1: Gone to Texas by Garth Ennis, art by Steve Dillon Sailor Moon, #1 by Naoko Takeuchi Supergirl by  Peter David, art by  Gary Frank, Cam Smith, Karl Story, Terry Dodson The Authoritative Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Waterson The Complete Strangers in Paradise, Vol. 1 by Terry Moore The Infinity Gauntlet by Jim Starlin, art by  George Pérez, Ron Lim The Flash: Born to Run by Mark Waid, art by  Tom Peyer, Greg LaRocque, Jim Aparo, Pop Mhan The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen by Alan Moore, art by  Kevin ONeill The Sandman, Vol: 1: Brief Lives  by Neil Gaiman, art by Jill Thompson, Vince Locke

Is Topgrading A Hiring Method For Identifying Candidates...

Topgrading is a hiring method for identifying candidates who qualify and are most likely to succeed in the organization and avoid the disastrous mis-hire. Through the use of the Topgrading interview hiring managers will be able to identify the â€Å"A Players† who are interviewing for the job based on the various steps in the process. According to the book â€Å"Topgrading techniques for hiring, promoting, assessing, and coaching people have enabled hundreds of companies to achieve 75% and even 90%+ success picking not ok performers but rather true high performers†(Smart). Before the Topgrading interviews even begin there are a few key steps that need to be taken to weed out the â€Å"C Players† from the â€Å"A Players.† One of these steps is the threat of the TORC (Threat of Reference Check), this informs candidates that at every step of the interview process that they will need to provide the company with references, such as former bosses and supervisors. Using the TORC scares away the â€Å"C Players,† because if they are just an average employee there former supervisors will not be willing to talk with the interviewer, and â€Å"A Players† will be extremely willing to give these references, because they are confident that their former bosses will talk highly of them. Measuring the baseline of your organization will all the company to calculate the percentage of successful employees you have hired and the percent of mis-hires the organization has hired. This will allow the organization to evaluate

Modernism, Modernity and Modernisation Urban Growth in...

â€Å"Through migrants, expatriates, exhibitions and publications, Australia first came into contact with Modernism in the mid-1910s. The modernist movement in Australia was at it’s most influential for over five decades, including global wars, economic depression, technological advances and massive social change. (http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/modernism) This article, however, will be focusing on Australia’s development of Modernity, Modernisation and Modernism between the inter-war period of 1919 to 1939. With an ever expanding city, Melbourne designers and architects took advantage of new technologies and advancements in the production of steel and glass which opened up endless possibilities for space and light,†¦show more content†¦Modernisation allowed for new trends and styles to be created that no longer payed such homage to the past and tradition, but rather moved forward in obvious progress and difference. This is one of Edgar Kaufmann Jr.’s design principals from his catalogue titled ‘What is Modern Design’, that principal being Modern design should express the spirit of our times. (Kaufmann, 1950) We can view this evolution in architecture because of new materials, technologies and ideals becoming available, new methods and possibilities were also opened up. Again, one of Kaufmann’s design principals is used in relation to the new advancements: Modern design should take advantage of new materials and techniques and develop familiar one. (Kaufmann, 1950) During the interwar period in Australia the use of new materials and technology allowed changes to occur within the architectural world. Industrial production became an integral part of modern society and ‘a new relationship was forged between man and machine’ (Singingman, 2010). Modernism and the belief that architecture could provide a new better way of living through new technologies methods and materials gave architects the chance to take big steps forward inShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessubject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers

I am Dina Maqdadi and I am not your traditional student Free Essays

I am Dina Maqdadi, an eager student with hopes of being accepted in a law school, a mother to a fifteen month old boy and currently undergoing a high risk pregnancy due on the first of January. As of now, I am in one of the most uncomfortable situations a student could be in: The dilemma of being a young mother. I am also in one of the most challenging scenarios a mother could be in: The challenge of being a single parent. We will write a custom essay sample on I am Dina Maqdadi and I am not your traditional student or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a single mother is truly a brave task set for me especially because I have many goals in life. I must learn to set aside personal interests. I must learn to be responsible for my welfare and be even more responsible for the welfare of others, my children. I have learned these things. I have learned to look at things positively and I have learned to do everything to make my goals attainable. I am a real estate agent with backgrounds in engineering and real estate. I have been exposed to different people with different stories. I have learned that though I am already a mother, I should not let my hopes die. Thus, I have made a decision to study law particularly intellectual property law. I am a mother and I should be good at making the right decisions for the good of my children. They serve as my inspiration to fulfill these dreams because by doing such, I am not only securing a bright future for myself but also of my children. As new opportunities decrease due to the high qualifications, it is hard for me, a single parent, to provide the necessities of my children. It is in this light that I request that you consider my admission to your law school to be competent in today’s world. By letting me study in your law school, you open to me a future that I can shape. I am not saying these for you to take pity on me I sat these because it is the truth. By accepting me, you have not only made a difference in my life but also to my children as well. By considering me as a student you will help me and my children make our dreams into realities. Thank you and Godbless How to cite I am Dina Maqdadi and I am not your traditional student, Papers

Research Paper †Sex Education in Public Schools free essay sample

Research Paper – Sex Education in Public Schools It’s been a number of days since I’ve written here, and for that I have to answer that there have been a number of projects under works that I’ve had to tend to. For now, I will take the time to show you a research paper I’ve spent most of the day writing for my Comp I class. Sex Education in Public Schools Sex education in public schools here in the United States has, for at least the past decade, supported and utilized abstinence-only sex education programs to be taught throughout both intermediate schools and high schools. Though during the entire time that abstinence-only programs have been used, there has been a constant debate among both parents and educational authorities how to approach a better way of conducting sex education. The question has risen of whether or not abstinence-only programs actually aid the decrease of teen pregnancy, prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, or are giving children the education that their own parents would have wanted them to have on the subject matter. Comprehensive sex education seems, after evidence presented, to be the more effective method in aiding these issues. First, the issue of whether sex education should even be taught in schools. During a recent poll, results showed that only about 7% of Americans do not want sex education being taught in schools at all, while the other majority percentage clearly stated that they believe at least some information about sex education should be taught in schools (aâ‚ ¬? Sex Education in Americaaâ‚ ¬? ). Many have asked the question, or made the implication, however, that perhaps sex should not be talked about in public school, but only at homes with the children and their parents. Another ironic point also shows that most parents are uncomfortable talking to their children about sex and sexuality. Personal experiences are documented in a number of places in regards to the experiences of both the children and the parents feeling uncomfortable when the subject of sex is discussed. Still, many also say that even through both the discomfort in the discussions, as well as the education that is received in schools, parents take on a large role in helping to solve the future generations and their involvement with societyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sex education problems. Ellen Goodman of The Boston Globe writes on parents: For a long time, parents of teenagers have been cast as the beleaguered, hapless characters whose voices are barely heard and rarely respected in a cacophony of peers, pop culture, and body piercers. Mothers and fathers, we are told, are road kill on the way to adulthood. [. . . ] But the study went through all the research on the role parents play in the teenagersaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lives and what impact they have on their childrenaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sexual activity. It turns out that parents are a remarkably effective antipregnancy program. The greater the closeness of parent and child, the lower the pregnancy rate. (18) Given this information, it would make sense to infer that the more information the populace is given in regards to sex, and especially in parents to give to their children, the better off the children will be in their sexual health. Teen pregnancy rates in the United States exceed rates in nearly all other industrialized nations, aâ‚ ¬? The U. S. still leads the fully industrialized world in teen pregnancy and birth rates aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" by a wide margin. In fact, the U. S. rates nearly double Great Britainaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, at least four times those of France and Germany, and more than ten times that of Japanaâ‚ ¬? (Espejo 80). This being said, there is an ongoing slew of research which points to both a change of mindset to something more prominent of what was seen in the past, as well as more information being given to teens to be prepared for making intelligent decisions. Maggie Gallagher writes in The Age of Unwed Mothers: The teen pregnancy problem in our society is inseparable from a much larger marriage problem. Changing adult ideas about marriage and its relationship to procreation have directly guided the entire cluster of trends in teen behavior aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including rising rates of unmarried sex, weak motivation to use contraceptives, rising ages of marriage, and sharp declines in both legitimation and adoption aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that we currently describe, somewhat misleadingly, as our crisis of teen pregnancy. (91) Teen pregnancy rates have seen both falls and climbs in the past number of decades, and much of the time it has been difficult to pinpoint the cause of these rate changes. When the pregnancy rate decreases, both sides of the argument often take credit, one side saying that it was because of a lack of abstinence-only sex education, another side saying it was because of a reinforcement or fulfillment in abstinence-only sex education. In the Introduction to the Opposing Viewpoints seriesaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Teen Sexuality: Defenders of traditional sex education programs point to these statistics and argue that Congressaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proposed changes to sex education are unnecessary. However, a second study by another Michael Resnick of the University of Minnesota provides another explanation for the drop in teen sexual activity. According to Resnick, parents who spend time with their children and make their values clear are more likely to have children who forgo sex, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and violence. aâ‚ ¬? Itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more than the physical presence of parents, the number of hours a day theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re in the home,aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Resnick contends. aâ‚ ¬? Its their emotional availability. â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (13-14) The more information and supportive relationships from the important authoritative figures in teensaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ lives will allow them to make more beneficial decisions in regards to sex teen pregnancy. Perhaps one of the largest concerns in teen sexual activity and what method of sex education would be best in preventing it, is that of sexually transmitted diseases, or aâ‚ ¬? STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Abstinence-o nly programs usually do not give out free condoms in addition to their teachings, as many often view this as contradictory. Through a number of studies it was said, aâ‚ ¬? The big change was that the sexually active boys were more likely to be using condoms, and virgins were much more likely to plan to use condoms when they have their first vaginal intercourseaâ‚ ¬? (Roleff 16). And while some would claim that contraceptives only encourage more sexual activity than would take place without contraception, another study showed that the rate of sexual activity for aâ‚ ¬? both sets of teens was about 50 percent. â‚ ¬? Clearly the decision to encourage the use of contraception when sexual activity occurs would be the ideal choice, given this information. By definition, abstinence states that you should abstain from all sexual activity, and abstinence-only programs stress that this is the only 100% safe way to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, but it is implied in increased use of condoms that there will be a decrease in the transmission of STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. While some have claimed that condoms can often fail in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, Ceci Conolly of the Washington Post wrote in the article Some Abstinence Programs Mislead Teens, aâ‚ ¬? Among the falsehoods cited by Waxmanaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investigators: Condoms fail to prevent HIV transmission as often as 31 percent of the time in heterosexual intercourse. The U. S. Centers for Disease Control Centers has said, aâ‚ ¬? Laboratory studies have demonstrated that latex condoms provide an essentially impermeable barrier to particles the size of STD pathogensaâ‚ ¬? aâ‚ ¬? 10 Reasons to Use a Condom, Any Condomaâ‚ ¬? ). While many abstinence-only education programs teach the consequences of these programs, not all schools using abstinence-only education speak in full truth about condoms or speak in encouragement to using condoms even though they have proven to be effective in preventing the spread of STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. While schools do need to h ave a role, the cultural and societal shift seen in parental involvement has presented a change in sexual health among teens. The high rate of teen pregnancy in the United States can better be improved through comprehensive information given to teens, the availability of contraceptives, and once again aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the relationship children have to their parents. Condoms can aid in the prevention of spreading sexually transmitted diseases, yet too few schools offer both the availability of condoms nor information on condoms themselves. Abstinence-only education serves well to emphasize that abstinence is the only certain way to prevent pregnancy and STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. However, comprehensive sex education can include an emphasis on abstinence while still equipping teens to make intelligent decisions about sex, reducing the teen pregnancy rate, and reducing the spread of STDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Works Cited aâ‚ ¬? 10 Reasons to Use a Condom. Any Condom. aâ‚ ¬? Trojan Brand Condoms. Trojan Condoms. 26 November 2006 Conolly, Ceci. aâ‚ ¬? Some Abstinence Only Programs Mislead Teens, Reports Say. aâ‚ ¬? WashingtonPost. com. The Washington Post. 6 November 2006 Espejo, Roman. Americaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Youth. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Gallagher, Maggie. The Age of Unwed Mothers:Is Teen Pregnancy a Problem? New York: Institute for American Values, 1999 Goodman, Ellen. aâ‚ ¬? Why Teen Prengnancy is Down. aâ‚ ¬? The Boston Globe. 24 May 1998. Roleff, Tamara L. ed. Teenage Sexuality. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. aâ‚ ¬? Sex Education in America. aâ‚ ¬? NPR/Kaiser/Kennedy School. The Kaiser Family Foundation. 26 November 2006

Produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product Essay Example

Produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product Essay In this unit I will need to produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product. The company that I have chosen is boots. My strategy will need to include evidence and information about: * how the strategy is based on the principles of marketing * How I have used sources of primary and secondary marketing information * How I have analysed the impact of the external environment on your marketing decisions We will write a custom essay sample on Produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Produce a marketing strategy for a new or existing product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer * How I analysed the marketing context and decided on an appropriate strategy * How I have developed a coherent mix of strategies to meet consumer needs. I will also need to produce an oral presentation. First I will define what are marketing and its principles. Marketing is a way of advertising something. It is a way of thinking. Market The set of actual of potential users/customers. Market area A geographical area containing the customers/users of a particular firm/library for specific goods or services. Market demand The total volume of a product or service bought/used by specific groups of customers/users in a specified market area during a specified period. Market development Expanding the by present users. Market positioning total market served by 1) entering new segments, 2) converting nonusers, 3) increasing use Positioning refers to the users perceptions of the place a product or brand occupies in a market segment. Or how the company/librarys offering is differentiated from the competitions. Market profile A breakdown of a facilitys market area according to income, demography, and life style Market research The systematic gathering, recording and analysing of data with respect to a particular market, where market refers to a specific user group in a specific geographic area. Market segmentation The process of subdividing a market into distinct subsets of users that behave in the same way or have similar needs. Segments for the library could be demographic (Asian); geographic (branch-level); psychographics (leisure-oriented); customer size (largest user group area); benefits (have children in the home learning to read.) Market share A proportion of the total sales/use in a market obtained by a given facility or chain. Marketing The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. Marketing channel A set of institutions necessary to transfer the title to goods and to move goods from the point of consumption. (Vendors, publishers, library facilities.) Marketing mix The mix of controllable variables that the firm/library uses to reach desired use/sales level in target market, including price, product, place and promotion- 4 Ps. Marketing opportunity An attractive arena of relevant marketing action in which a particular organization is likely to enjoy a superior and competitive advantage. Marketing plan a document composed of an analysis of the current marketing situation, opportunities and threats, analysis, marketing objectives, marketing strategy, action programs, and projected income statement Marketing is the management process that is responsible for identifying products that would be likely to make a profit when sold and then selling these products to customers. Marketing finds out what consumers want and then attempts to meet those needs, at a profit. It a can also be defined as getting the right product to the right place at the right time. It is not the same as selling- that is making people buy what youve got. Marketing is making people want what youve got. The aim of marketing is to make selling superfluous. The aim is to know and understand the customer so well that the product or service sells itself. When marketing a product you need to consider the 4 ps. Getting the mix right is essential to successfully market your product. The four Ps are: * Product- can be a good or service. In competitive markets, businesses have to be customer driven. They may use types of product differentiation (e.g. package design and/or a brand name) in an attempt to convince potential customers that their good or service is different from competitors products. The four types of products are: 1. Star High share of market in the growth stage of the product life cycle. -Requires significant injections of capital to finance the rapid growth. -May have negative cash flows but seen as having potential for high sales, and profit. 2. Cash Cow -High markets share, bringing in high sales revenue, cash flows and (usually) profit. -No market growth likely. -Product may have a personality/image in the market. -The large amounts of cash bought in can be used to subsidise stars. 3. Problem Child -Low share of a market with high potential for growth. -Relatively large injections of finance needed (as with stars). -Uncertainty about future sales revenue, cash flow and profit. -Decision needed on whether or not to halt production, or (if possible) to sell a brand. 4. Dog -Not going anywhere- no growth potential. -Any profit has to be reinvested just to maintain market share. -Identify and remove from the product portfolio. * Price- setting the right price for a product is a crucial aspect of marketing. There are short-and long-term objectives to be considered when pricing goods or services e.g. survival may become the priority in a recession, and imply low prices to maintain some sales and cash flow. Economic theory assumes that a price will be determined by market forces reaching equilibrium. The economic environment. A business may simply have to try and match the market price/going-rate for its products, or may have some control over its prices. * Place- Making goods available to users/consumers involves two main decisions: 1. Method of Transport-Depends on the type of goods. There will be several factors, e.g. most rail journeys also involving road transport, and whether a business should have its own fleet of road vehicles. 2. Channel Of Distribution-The procedure, or channel management required getting a product to the customers. The traditional channel includes using the wholesaler, but there are other possible channels. * Promotion-The overall objective of promotion is ensuring the survival and the growth of a business through an increase in long-term demand for its product(s). Selling will be the outcome of successful promotion. Market research is the collecting of data, the aim of which is to understand better what is happening in the marketing place, as the marketing department of a firm needs to know about consumers views and economic trends. Primary data is data you have gathered yourself, whereas secondary data is somebody elses data you use. Market research involves doing market research on customers, analysing their needs, and then making strategic decisions about product design, pricing, promotion and distribution. The purpose of market research is to provide information on particular market to those managers responsible for the firms marketing strategy, about what people want-a particular group of potential customers will need to be targeted. Data can be: * Primary- i.e. collected for a specific purpose. It will involve either a census (of every person in an area) or sampling (of a subset of the population). or * Secondary-i.e. Used for another purpose besides the original one. It could be internal data (from within the organisation, e.g. employee details or costings), or external data (e.g. from a government department, a newspaper, the TUC or the CBI). And. * Quantitative- i.e. in the form of numbers, e.g. showing the market share of different businesses, or the number of adults who will have seen a particular advertisement on television. Or * Qualitative- i.e. without, e.g. giving the motives for customers buying, or not buying, a particular product. In most cases market research will involve choosing a sample to represent the whole target group. The larger the sample, the more accurate the results will be, but costs will also be greater- a full national census costs millions of pounds, e.g. Random sampling is where every member of the target group/population has an equal chance of being chosen to provide responses. Computers might do the random selection. Systematic sampling involves selecting, for example, every 10th item or person from a list of the target group. Stratified sampling identifies distinguishable subgroups in the total group, then a certain number of members of each subgroup are chosen (at random). Cluster sampling involves selecting a geographical area, and then all the members of that local group/population are sampled, e.g. a sample of small retailers in a particular town. Field or primary research is when new data is obtained for a specific purpose, this can be provided by the marketing department of a firm. Data is usually gathered by surveys, (face-to-face, telephone, or by post). An advantage of field research is that the firm can have control over the whole process, and it can be more effective, but it does take longer and will cost the firm more. Desk or secondary research is the use of existing, already collected data. This could be anything from department of trade and industry reports to a companys sale statistics. Also company reports, government statistics, and surveys published by research organisations can be used as secondary sources of information. Desk research is quicker and cheaper than field research, but findings are not necessarily accurate or always relevant to your product. Marketing principles, there are many priorities within an organisation, but if it is truly marketing oriented, many of the following principles will be high on its agenda. Market research must establish whether current products or services satisfy customers expectations. Anticipating the future and forecasting tomorrows customer needs and expectations is the task of marketing research. This is very vital. Generating income or profit clearly states that the need of the organisation is either to be profitable or to generate as much income as possible e.g. likes a charity. Satisfactory growth can be achieved by entering new markets or creating a new product or both. Having a clear plan is essential for an organisation. The whole emphasis of the planning process is for the organisation to think customer and think marketing. The PEST analysis examines changes in a market place caused by political, economic, technological factors. Any organisation unaware of what is going on in the business world will risk being outmanoeuvred. Changes in the law will add to uncertainties. Statue law like the consumer protection law, and the voluntary agreements like the moni toring of advertising standards authority. Clearly understanding who the competition is and what benefits they are offering are essential for an organisation. Principles can be arranged into three categories: * Needs of the customer * Needs of the organisation * Influence of the market Businesses use the abbreviation SMART to shape their objectives. SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic Time constrained. There are many types of business objectives in the private sector, depending on the business situation and their general direction in the market, they are as follows: 1) Survival When a business is in its early stages then it will want to survive, it will shape its objectives to make trading easier and maximise profits. Another threat to a business survival is corporate takeover; to prevent this a business would have to reshape their objectives. 2) Profit Maximisation This is exactly as it sounds, for many reasons a business will need to maximise profits and to do this suitable objectives will have to be drawn up. Some business may choose to go for long-term profit maximisation to ensure that they make lots of money and can therefore expand. 3) Satisfying This is an objective that maximises profit to the owners; it might not give the maximum profit that is possible to achieve. 4) Growth These objectives increase the growth of the business so that the workers, managers and directors can benefit. 5) Promotion of image Relationships with customers and employees is key in a modern business and so a company is ever vigilant of how it appears to these people. For a company o is better that the competition it is important that they have the correct image and a better one than the competition. Objectives can be shaped to develop good relations and treat employees well. Boots is a public limited company; they are included in the FTSE 100 stock exchange. Boots main business activity is retailing also they provide many other services such as: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Boots Opticians à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Boots Dental care à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Boots Foot care à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Health Beauty Services à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Boots Hearing care à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Insurance Services ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES 1. Liability is, in the vast majority of cases, strictly limited to the investments made by the shareholders. 2. Company Officers are not personally liable for their actions unless, in most instances, there is a clear and serious breach of their fiduciary duty. 3. Ironically, despite the limited liability, such entities often benefit from greater prestige than their sole proprietorship or partnership counterparts. The reason is probably because such an enterprise normally requires more planning and thus is deemed more credible. 4. They often benefit from significant tax advantages. In fact, many countries around the world give exclusive tax incentives to this type of entity. 5. The rights of shareholders are normally clearly defined and protected. 6. Corporate taxes only become payable after the end of the financial year. This means that money that would otherwise be taxed on a monthly or quarterly basis is available to earn further money before the final payment of tax. DISADVANTAGES 1. In larger companies shareholders often lose direct control over their investment. 2. Limited liability companies generally require the appointment of accountants, auditors and professional company secretaries. This means that such a structure is often more expensive to maintain than simple sole proprietorships or partnerships. 3. Certain professional bodies, especially those representing the legal and medical fields, do not allow members to register a limited liability company. In many instances, this denial has resulted in very high indemnity insurance. Aims Objectives The Boots Company intends to become the leader in wellbeing products and services in the UK and overseas. Simplify the business to focus on what we are best at. We should be a market leader, in health care, beauty care, and general fitness. We need to create more wellbeing related brands. Keep building our international health care and retail business. The objectives above mean that, first of all the Boots Company the leader in wellbeing products and services in the UK and overseas this means that they want to be the market leaders from their competitors who are Super drug, and for their retail range, GAP. They want to simplify the business to focus what they are best at, health and beauty; this means that they want to focus more on their beauty products such as No7. Also the want to be a market leader in, health care, beauty care, and general fitness, this is because Boots believes that wellbeing products are starting to focus now on health care and related areas. Also they want to create more wellbeing products because they want to be market leaders in wellbeing, this will not be cheap for them, but they well have to protect profits by relentlessly cutting costs. Also they want to keep building their international health care because the want to be market leaders around the world. The Boots Company have simplified the business organisational structure; during the year they have integrated their business as Boots Retail, with Boots Retail International as its overseas extension. This is saving Boots costs and them more a swift organisation. For example they have moved from three separate property departments to one; from 100 construction suppliers to seven; and from 14 internal IT groups to one. The have accelerated the transformation of their UK presence. They are positioning Boots as the leader in wellbeing services, as well as products. By the year-end of 2001 they had 297 Boots optician stores, 54 Dental care practices, 44 Foot care practices, 47 Hearing care centres, 22 Laser hair removal clinics, ten Health Beauty Services centres offering a wide range of therapies and treatments. This is telling us that Boots is very serious to becoming the leader in wellbeing services and products. Sales à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½M231.0Operating loss (33.1) Boots have stepped-up the pace at Boots Healthcare International. Clearasil, acquired in December 2000 was the driving force behind BHIs 12.5% sales growth last year. They also integrated the brand smoothly, turned its sales from decline to growth, and used it to open the door for local businesses to the huge US over-the-counter markets. South Asia, in Thailand, like for like their sales grew by 2.2%, focusing the offer much more on Boots brands and therefore driving up the margin, generated an even strong like for like gross profit growth. Europe, in Netherlands, sales of No7, grew in line with expectations as gained national distribution. This tells us that in the two continents where Boots is located they are making profits and they are successful, and they are keeping building their International business. This tells us that in the two continents where Boots is located they are making profits and they are successful, and they are keeping building their International business. Boots Retail International Sales à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½M40.3Decrease % (4.3) Loss à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½M (before expectations)(24.Increase %44.5 To develop an appropriate marketing strategy would involve creating a link between the external environment and the internal strengths of Boots. SWOT analysis is the focus upon the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing a business internally and externally. To enable a SWOT analysis to be carried out, research into Boots current and future positions need to be completed. This would result in building upon its strengths, minimise its weaknesses, seized its opportunities and cancel out the threats. STRENGTHS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Large established business à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Good reputation à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Wide portfolio of products à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Good advertising (Coronation St) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Large target market OPPORTUNITIES à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Sponsorship for sporting events à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Diversify into a different market à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Expand Nationally à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Promote using large marketing strategies THREATS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Cadburys main competitor launching a new product à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ More companies diversifying into the cosmetics market à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ A large price war, taking Boots off the market WEAKNESSES à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Unmotivated staff in the work place à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Too big a demand for a particular product PEST is split into four categories, political, economic, social and technological influences, which are all external factors. A PEST analysis identifies what external factors are going to affect Boots in the coming months and years. POLITICAL business decisions which are influenced by political and legal decisions. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Political decisions can affect Boots for the good and the bad, because if taxes increase, therefore consumers decrease and sales of stock decrease. However if taxes decrease the likelihood is consumers will buy more. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Laws can also change Boots income because if a law was brought out, that you could only work 9.00am 5.00pm. ECONOMIC influenced by domestic economic policies and world economic trends. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The interest rates can affect Boots because if the interest rates were high then Boots would not want to borrow as much money for expansion. Also if consumers had loans they would again have less disposable income to but luxury items. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ If the minimum wage was brought down, this would mean more money for Boots but would also result in low sales from the consumers. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The government can also raise taxes, which would bring a stand still to the sales of cosmetics. SOCIAL -close analysis of society à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ If Boots do not control their pollution levels or have big buildings destroying the landscape with noise and traffic congestion, then the local residents would complain to their local council resulting to possible incentives for bringing in jobs for the community being stopped. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ On the other hand local residents with small businesses near to Boots would benefit due to the money being brought in by tourists. TECHNOLOGICAL developments in manufacturing and business processes. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Cost of machinery. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ New machinery à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Maintenance à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Training for advancing IT à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Upgrading old machines to improve the company à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Advances of transport of goods/cost/lorries Boots Mission Statement is: Our mission is to grow our business profitably so that we are: A leading player in our chosen markets by size, ranking, regard or influence. A natural choice for customers and intermediaries- positively regarded, attractive and competitive. A challenge to our competitors creditable, effective and respected. Mohammed Shaqeeb 13ADO

Childhood Education and Social Inequalities essays

Childhood Education and Social Inequalities essays Early Childhood Development and Social Inequalities By All families should have the same opportunities to live a descent life. But due to the backgrounds of some families, and children, they may not have a chance for this. There are certain risk factors that have a bearing on social inequalities in health, and particularly those that are prone to preventative intervention. There are many that I could talk about, but I have picked out four of these factors to talk about. They are biological factors, family and social factors, parenting factors, and attachment. Even these I feel that I will not be able to cover completely, because there is only a certain part we see, and then there is the that is kept hidden from all. There are many factors that influence the development and social inequalities in a childs life. These include biological, family and social factors, parenting factors, attachment, and the way non-maternal care is influenced. All of these are risk factors that are likely to have a bearing on the childs social inequalities on their health. The biological factors include premature birth, low birth weight, and a serious medical illness. The significantly influence and infants growth. Low birth weight, less than 2500 grams, has a prevalence of 6 percent in white middle-class U.S. women, and 15 percent in ethnic minority teenagers. These teenagers tend to be single mothers. At the Infant Health and Development Project, they found that in a large amount of premature infants, that their IQ was less than 85 at three years of age. Race was the greatest factor in predicting outcome, that was followed by maternal education, and then medical complications. The infants of poorly educated African American mothers (90%) who had medical complications were severely compromised, while only nine percent of white infants with...

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Case 3 Organization Information System - Assignment Example As manual processing of data is the direct opposite of computerized processing, it can be justified that the CPOE will come with the advantage of eradicating these reports of medication errors arising from mistakes in order entries (Virilio, 2008). The most common source of adverse drug event in Mount Auburn is directly attributable to dissemination of drug knowledge, particularly to physicians. Apart from this, other major sources are identified such as lack of knowledge of drug, lack of information about patient, rule violations, and transcription errors. Clearly, most of these situations are physician based preventable adverse drug event that can be attributed to human inefficiencies and human errors. With the coming of the information system, it is expected that most of the information processing tasks that are often left to physicians to make will be minimized or totally eradicated. Indeed, as the quantum of information for physicians to handle in their brains in terms of patient information, drug information and rules become many, the tendency that they will make mistakes also increases (Winner, 2008). With the information system, retrieval of information will be quicker and easier without the need to memorize a lot of i nformation. The coming of the CPOE came with several benefits and advantages to both Mount Auburn and Emory, which tremendously changed the way in which general quality of service is rendered. Using the ordering process as an example, the need to call out drugs to nurses for them to write and re-confirm by orally calling them out to doctors, which slowed the care process was eradicated. This means that the system brought about efficiency because a lot of services were delivered within very small time frame. As medication errors also became minimized, the quality of care given became enhanced, making it valid to justify the

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Gaming Industry Mini-case homework - Essay Example Customers will always be important to business but these buyers also have other alternatives to entertain themselves such as online casinos, internet, movies etch. Video games may be more engaging than the alternatives but the low switching cost makes the alternative viable. The alternatives to video games may be numerous but they are not as engaging as video games. The alternatives are also full of risk such as online casino whose legality are still doubtful making its potential users to be less attracted to it. Gaming industry is based on the ingenuity and talent of its game developers, programmers and other talents which is the backbone of the industry. To make sure that my talents are ahead of the game, I would always conduct training and workshops to ensure that they are ahead in the industry. Of course, it is a given that I should keep them happy for them to stay in the company. This could be done by offering them stocks, handsome pay and interesting work. I would not recommend an entry to the gaming industry because it is very risky and volatile. The industry also has very high learning curves that makes it very difficult for new players to catch up with the established players. The huge capital needed to start is also very discouraging and risky. Suppliers have very high power in the chain making the company vulnerable to suppliers. The existing players may also manipulate the price to become very low for the company not to survive its penetration

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Examining The Hollywood Remake Films In Other Countries Media Essay It is widely known that Hollywood remake films from other countries become an indispensable element in the industry. More and more Hollywood remake films based on Asian or European films, as a result that international remake films become a special part of globalization. In economic perspective, the film consumer as the mass-audience of remake films is the one that has to consume the films through Hollywood because of the globalized market. According to Marx (1976), every social process of production is at the same time a process of reproduction. Therefore, remaking films as the process of reproduction is a social process at the same time in terms of different perspectives: culture communication and adaptation. Based on this reproduction process, the following section of the essay looks at the reason that films made in one nation and remade in Hollywood. Moreover, third section examines what gets added or removed in the process of adaptation with two specific examples of Hollywood remake films from European and Asian: Vanilla Sky (2001) and The Departed (2006). Additionally, during the comparing and contrasting, the unique cultural communication of Hollywood remake films will be paid more attention to. The major findings with a summary of this paper will be presented at last. 2 the reason that Hollywood remake films from other countries Firstly, increasingly expansion of communication and information development in the recent decades has produced a great require for culture exchange. Hence the culture exchange among states and the interaction of culture has been in active for centuries (Nae, 2003). Within this culture exchange, it can be known that the transnational cultural communication through different media such as TV, newspapers and film. Thus, the Hollywood remake films from other countries are now being practiced more intensively than ever. It seems that transnational cultural communication seems to be the first reason that Hollywood remake films from other countries. Secondly, since the beginning of global cinema, films as cultural commodities have been exported and imported to various areas all around the world. As Kotler (1991) says, the globalization enhances the international business and the motivation of the effectiveness of producing, using new technology and improving management methods. Likewise, as another method of producing films, Hollywood remaking films from other countries is a consequence of globalization. So globalization, especially globalized market, has also resulted in enlarging movement of movies from national to Hollywood. Thirdly, according to Horkheimer and Adorno (1969), the film industry is included in profit driven businesses. Because of commercial profit from the worldwide market, Hollywood may have to find more strategies to earn as much as possible. Remaking film is a win-win for both national film and Hollywood due to maximum financial incomes. On one hand, national films benefit from the copyright income in globalized market. On the other hand, Hollywood might remake the successful national film instead of producing completely new films in order to predict desires of film audiences and save pre-production cost. In addition, Hollywood remake films from other countries are able to express the national unique stories to larger markets and to ethnically diverse audiences. Therefore, another reason to Hollywood remake films from other countries has relevantly been toward producing more economically profit. Finally, another typical illustration to remake films from other nations it is innovation outsourcing. According to Manning et als (2008) definition, outsourcing from different organizations may engage an agreement about trading products or services. Particularly, Hollywood outsources creativity from the other suppliers in other countries. Besides, remake films were also negatively discussed. Some studies claim this outsourcing is a kind of Hollywoods style vampirism. They remake foreign films is a symptom due to the creativity bankrupt. Remaking is seemed to be an easier way of movie production, as a result, the lack of innovation capacity might be another reason. 3 the Process of Adaptation: the Departed (2006) and Vanilla Sky (2001) 3.1 The Departed (2006) To examine what gets added or removed in the adaptation of Hollywood remake films, I make an illustration as Hong Kongs 2002 film Infernal Affairss Hollywood remade version The Departed (2006). The Hollywood director Scorsese displays a creative adaptation to the larger global market of Hollywood by remaking this Hong Kong film. In the essay will focus on discussing this adaptation of remake films between Hong Kong and Hollywood. 3.1.1 A new title The original Chinese title of the film is Wu Jian Dao, which is a word from Buddhist scripture. It means Continuous Suffering Hell, the worst of the Eighth Hells, which refers to the two lead characters suffer from playing as double spy in both bright and dark. So the English translated title of the film is Internal Affairs, also contains a symbolic Buddhist element. The cultural background of Asian audiences is present to help them understand this Buddhism title and the meaning behind it. Likewise, in the Hollywoods choice of the new English title for the remake version: The Departed. It seems to be a reference to the global market. Though The Departed is not the exact the same like the Internal Affairs represented from Buddhism, it supplies as a Hollywoods style adaptation of the Asian religious. The Hollywood is intent to make the global audience understand the film better by avoiding some special cultural gap. These filmmakers are likely to use the new title in order to communicate local culture within their films and make the film suitable to the Hollywood audience. 3.1.2 A new cultural background As it is mentioned above, original version Infernal Affairs is a film that influenced a lot from Buddhism. In Hollywood version, however, even if the plot in The Departed is similar to Infernal Affairs, it does not remain any Buddhism. The reason to this is Scorsese relocate Hong Kong to American city Boston in the Hollywood film. Thinking about the region and racial differences in Boston, The history and religious setting of the film have to adjust. Frank Costello (Jack Nicholson) disproves the Catholicism idea of the Churchs want to put people in their place, instead of Infernal Affairss Buddhism. Catholicism is replicated as a religion choice of Costello by refuting the Church. This leads to The Departed in absolute difference to Infernal Affairs. In remaking the Infernal Affairs where the powerful Buddhist themes are in attendance, the religious meaning is changed during the film The Departed. However, as The Departed approaches to final, Catholicism seeped out the film. During the climax, Queenan (Martin Sheen) and Costigan (Leonardo DiCaprio) are cornered by Frank Costellos men. In order to help Costigan escape, Queenan blesses the god alone before facing up to Costellos gang. This gesture of religions within the film is an adaptation for the new cultural background. 3.1.3 A new group of audiences Remaking film is not only the transfer between two languages, but also the localized content due to globalized market with a much wider audiences. What is more, a national film exports, such as Hong Kongs Infernal Affairs exports, can be used as a cinema product trying to import under globalization. As a product, movie makes every effort on the growth of its audiences with the intention of catching better outcome at the box office. The goal of remaking films is the same that to strive to appeal more audiences further than the country cinemas borders. What The Departed has gotten is able to be considering as an attempt by Hollywood to make its films accessible to further audiences outside the shores of the previous region. In The Departed, Hollywood has effectively translated every part of characteristics in Infernal Affairs suitable for a bigger audience group who recognizes and believes the Hollywood culture. Transformation into Hollywood The Departed is actually a process of Hong Kong film globalized into the United States film. As Hollywoods worldwide status, The Departed is more accessible to a lot of Hollywood international audiences. These people are armed with a better accepting and acknowledgment of US culture through Hollywood films and for that reason more accessible of The Departed than Infernal Affairs. Nevertheless, the target movie market does not necessarily mean the all content of remaking has been localized. In fact, it depends on audiences demand. 3.1.4 A new language More problematic issue is the language problem, for the reason that language is a cultural identity. Numerous multinational remake movies may ignore a very important part, the language. This would inevitably lead to a translation problem, a language translation process ought to be seen as equally important as cultural adaptation. This should not be erased in the film remake of the language translation or cross-cultural power struggle to clarify the real practical problems. Language translation of a movie really shows the behavior of a cultural force. However, translation is not necessarily just the only activity, dislocation from the country or cultural background, the films language. For instance, Chinese-speaking countries, their national films have to translate properly into English if remaking them by Hollywood. Therefore, cross-border remakes that involve in the translation of the text acts of translation only mix changeable relations among languages, rather than distracting these relationships by themselves. On the other hand, as Bal and Morras (2007) research, it is traditionally a large number of concepts and classification beyond the scope of the project, it is not possible here to repeat lots of debates in relation to language translation. 3.2 Vanilla Sky (2001) I will examine another example of transnational remake film between Hollywood and Europe, which traditionally have been the most significant prolific. Hollywood remade the Spanish psychological suspenseful story Abre los Ojos (1997) into Vanilla Sky in 2001. Although this example is not as systematic as the Hollywood remakes of French films, it point out Hollywoods enlarged cinematic absorbing from a wider nation and culture. Particularly, I engage another illustration of Hollywood remakes in a detailed analysis of the Spanish film Abre los Ojos (1997) and its Hollywood remake Vanilla Sky (2001), paying exacting attention to issues of adaptation. 3.2.1 The same and the different Europe It is generally accepted that the film industries of Europe and Hollywood have been tangled at the beginning because the historically cultural and economical communication. However, these two cores of movie production have had their own unique trajectories and, in fact, the two have been separated by considerably different ideas of cultural. As a consequence of this, perhaps one of the most long-lasting and encircling has been a realistic and metaphorical separation between business and art, where European movies is interpreted as more relate to art invested and Hollywood as more likely driven by income. 3.2.2 Commercial element of Hollywood style Smith (2004) presents a convincing and appealing relative analysis of Abre los Ojos and Vanilla Sky, he discusses the idea of urban alienation and the danger of the image in the movies, and compares the stylistic differences between Vanilla Sky and the Abre los Ojos. According to this, Abre los Ojos states from the start that it will explore the ideological purpose of identity. The first sequence of this film repeats the opening of Abre and reiterates many problems. It seems that ideological constructions of individuals are too dramatic relative to the citys material culture. Nevertheless, the film moved to New York City. As the films main character, David Ames steps out of his attractive Ferrari in Times Square. Here, the city is an obvious commercial space of Hollywood style, seen as the movie quickly presents advertisements. Vanilla Sky thus assigns commercial element of Hollywood style compares to ideological layers carried over from Abre los Ojos. 3.2.3 Cultural imperialism from Hollywood However, cross-border remakes mainly occur as Hollywood remakes of films from other states, which characteristically gather some criticisms as cases of cultural imperialism. And certainly, Hollywoods almost exclusive seized the American media market, together with their supremacy over global film industry. Hollywood emerges to give a structural benefit in remaking movies from other countries, rather than allowing these movies to enter the American media market directly. Since production corporations in many other states cannot catch up with the strong power of Hollywood, they depend on Hollywood for worldwide distribution. Miller, et. al (2001) claims that Hollywood films preserve international appeal through Hollywood style narratives and the communication of American national values. Actually, the financial and cultural relationships between Abre los Ojos and Vanilla Sky disclose a worldwide Spanish national identity, as well as Hollywoods US national identity. Collectively, they reveal the complexity of regarding Spanish national identity outside of transnational capitalism. Moreover, it demonstrates the influential power of American national identity in the international film industry. Current system of international film industry enables Hollywood not only to distribute and make money from other places, but also to support its creations and be in charge of global market by remaking national films that proved to be successful in their local markets. Cultural imperialism is added in the adaptation of these films, as a result, the Hollywood remake films from other countries is a way to keep themselves in priority position. 4 Conclusions Increasingly with the growth of Hollywood remake films from cross-cultural communication, throughout this essay, firstly we have seen the reason that films made in one nation and remade in Hollywood in the reproduction process. Then the essay has focused on studying two specifically illustrations from Asian and Europe. One is remaking of Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs to the Departed (2006). The other is remaking from Spanish film Abre los Ojos into Vanilla Sky (2001). Based on these two cases, the essay analyses what gets added or removed in the process of adaptation from seven different aspects: a new title, a new cultural background, a new group of audiences, a new language, Europe and Hollywood, commercial element of Hollywood style and cultural imperialism from Hollywood.

Silk Cut ad campaign analysis

Client Management Mucky Chain Lecturer: Bruce Stains Opinion Piece Topic: Case history of Silk Cut advertising Date: 26/8/2005 Introduction Cigarette advertising in UK has been changed because of the rules and regulation set by Advertising Standards Authority (known as AS), it basically tightens the creative freedom to cigarettes advertising. However, Silk Cut advertising has successfully launched a campaign that break through the tradition of cigarette ad, as well as print ad in the world.This document will be covered the areas of, why the campaign was launched, the location of the campaign had run, the reason behind and the people ho created it. Who creative the Silk Cut campaign? The classic Silk Cut campaign had been produced by the legendary creative director, Paul Arden and his agency's head, Charles Chitchats. Cigarette giant Gallagher corporation had entrusted the Silk Cut campaign to the British based agency, Chitchats & Chitchats. In the late ass, the account was shifted to M Chitchats until the end of the campaign as cigarettes advertising was totally banned in public.Others art directors who was involved the campaign in Chitchats & Chitchats include Graham Fink, Bill Gallagher and Alexandra Taylor. The people who were in charged the campaign in M Chitchats include, Simon Tickets, chief executive director, Moray McClellan, the chief executive officer and Martin Caisson, who was in charged the sponsored event in the 1996 Edinburgh Festival . Fig. 1 fig. 2 Why Silk Cut campaign was the classic? In the time when Chitchats & Chitchats acquired the Silk Cut account, cigarette advertising was not allowed to show to product and its name.Other regulations include, it cannot associated with any social groups, the result of success in business, evoking people to start smoking, masculinity and femininity and it is not allowed to associated with glamour and sports. On the other hand, Silk Cut was promoted as a low tar cigarette, it attracted to the women market as during the period, people got the perception that low tar cigarette is less danger to health. Women target was attracted to that point. Silk Cut cigarette was also target more up-market. In the previous advertising (fig. 1 & fig. 2), it was associated with brandy and coffee.Those objects are related to the smoothness, richness and quality . The later campaign was also associated with that image. The Silk Cut image can also be reflected in the brand name and corporate color. The meaning behind ‘Silk Cut' was a natural cigarette. Silk is a metaphor for natural product as this is a fabric that is not man-made. And ‘Cut' is the action of how tobacco leaf was cropped. Also, the dominated package color was purple, which is associated with royalty and splendor. All those factors were used in this ground- breaking campaign later. Fig. Fig. 4 When was the campaign launched? This famous Silk Cut campaign, more or less was influenced by the other classic cigarette campaign, Hedg es and Benson in the late ass. The common facts were, they were both no-copy ads, and there are some abstract objects to let audience associate o the products. The Silk Cut campaign was first launched in 1984 and ended in February 2003. The last campaign was estimated to cost 2. Mm GAP. Now in I-J, advertising was banned on direct mail, in-pack promotion and sponsorship, and of course, on all print ad and TV commercials.Where was the Silk Cut campaign run? It was run in UK and influenced to the advertising industry, like how the created the brand recognition to the audience, the craft skill that associates to the product and the market. Arguably the Silk Cut campaign was Judged to raise the femininity through its idea, target to women. For instance, the first idea of the campaign (fig. 3) showing the cut on a piece of silky fabric. The cut was associated with the symbolic female genital organ. And in fig 4, the ‘cancan' scissors were Judged as the power of women.Its distinctiv e semiotic concept influenced to the Hedges & Benson campaign later as it was showing the surreal package in all ideas as they were both under the regulation that no product can be shown in the ad. Hedges & Benson ad let people remind it name, and the Silk Cut one reminds people about its name. Fig. 5 fig. 6 How to make it success? As the advertiser understands, the brand royalty is very important to cigarette maker, people stick to a cigarette brand often Just because its name and image. In the early stage of the campaign, it was simply shown a cut silk in purple to let audience think of its brand.Later on, it was developed to showing the tool for cutting the silk, like scissors. And there are more symbolic objects to relate to women which are their target market. The obvious examples are (fig. 5 and 6) those using the scenes of the Hitchcock movies, The Birds and The Psycho. Both scenes in the movies are evicting women being attacked, by birds or killer. In the fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10 , both are related to the feminine power by implicitly showing the actions by women cutting something, or intend to do it. The campaign was success to create the brand association and recognition.As the images in those ads are surreal and symbolic, it attracts the audience to decode the ad. This action makes the whole campaign very memorable as audience spends time to think about the ad. Fig. 11 is a good example to show the twist of the creative even it is not cutting the fabric but the line (phone call). The campaign also created the brand image as mysterious and gloomy. The ads never associate people enjoying a cigarette or showing how cool and attractive a person can be if they consume the product.It differentiates the position with other brands which saying the click message. And it fig. 8 stands out in the market, especially to the women, that people could be captive with the brand, because they are associated to the brand with the gorgeous purple silk, it uses the other way t o present fashionable and modern as it seems to project an impression, that you are clever to know about this ad'. Conclusion The Silk Cut campaign was an advertising classic not Just because no more cigarette advertising can be run in I-J, but its originality and creativeness.

Implementing the E-World Essay

Technology in the past years has develop rapidly and has help people learn and develop new ways to do different things that used to take a lot of hard work and time. IT gives business new ways to compete and more tools for employees to get the job done. Nowadays is easier for employees to use IT since everybody is familiar with new technologies such as smart phones, tablets, laptops, software, hardware and networking and many other incredible programs and devices that make our world interconnected and easier to live in. In order to success in today’s world, companies are aware that they need to use the best e-business possible to give customers the best services and products. At the same time, having a portable device means that employees can work 24/7 without even feeling it. IT has help develop products, information and also shortened the time of hard work. Companies have multiple office locations and the presence of high technology has help employees communicate and share data inside the company to work at their best. A disadvantage in the e-world would be the availability of internet. In some parts of the world internet access is not available or is too slow to download data or communicate with employees in the other side of the world. In the other hand, this is changing and is just a small percentage of consumers. These days’ companies join the e-world in order to be able to compete with other companies. IT facilitates work and also helps companies to differentiate from others. With the use of the internet, employees are able to look all over the world for cheaper and better supplies or even learn from others. Definitely, a company without the right technology would not be able to success in todays globalize world. Implementing e-world is a very important task for all of us. It will leads us to better things, improving our ways to communicate and facilitating jobs with many different software, hardware and networks. Businesses would be able to save money since employees would do the job faster and with more information. At the same time employees may be able to work from home or even on their way to a business meeting. E-business helps business promote their product, establish a relationship with customers and inform customers about the company. Customers are more dependent to technology because it simplifies their lives. We live in an e-world because we as customers and owners of businesses depend on technology. In order to compete in today world, organizations must deal with IT. Dealing with IT means that organizations must learn how to manage three types of IT resources; technology infrastructure, human resources and business/ IT relationships (Brown et al. 5). Technology infrastructure involves build, plan and operate computers and software and hardware to share data between units and business alliances (Brown et al. 5). Human resources means that organizations must find the best personnel not only in IT but also have a mix of business knowledge and interpersonal skills (Brown et al. ). Business/IT relationship connects business and IT workers. This means that the IT department is working on programs that would benefit the organization (Brown et al 6. ) To conclude, every well establish company has invest in IT given that organizations are aware that e-business is elemental in today’s e-world in order to compete. Every day the use of internet, portable devices and software is increasing and people are depending more in technology. Managing IT is the key for organizations in order to success.

Practice HSC essay - 1060 Words

Shakespeare’s play ‘Othello’ and the contemporary appropriation of a film ‘O’ by Tim Blake Nelson are based on the societal values and morals of their time. Issues such as racism, the use of language and deception are timeless making them evident throughout both contexts, hence the engagements in both textual forms. Differing contexts convey concerns in different ways through the use of diverse techniques. For example ‘Othello’ is a play which uses props, stage positioning and lighting compared to ‘O’ a film using camera angles, technology and music. This develops a sense of timelessness as issues relevant in the Elizabethan era still being relevant in our present day. Both texts are created due to the values of their era, allowing the†¦show more content†¦Nelson has incorporated ‘rap’ music into the film, to highlight the change in time. Opinions of a white society are still similar to those of the Elizabethan era, casting ‘niggas’ as outsiders but is expressed differently. Rap music was founded by the ‘blacks’ as it originated from their culture. Words such as ‘black’ and ‘nigga’ are used in rap music portraying society’s views. This is why Nelson thought rap music would be appropriate to emphasise the racism throughout the film. Compared to the opening and closing scenes, ‘playing’ opera music. The serenity and peacefulness of opera music implies a sense of purity that a white society believes to portray. The adaption to the audience shows the engagement between both contexts as well as reflecting on their differences. A similarity of both contexts is the deception presented throughout both. Deception being significant issue relevant to both eras, it is outlined throughout both contexts as a large contributor to the moral of the storyline. 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REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. INTRODUCTION This essay the author will be able to evaluate current systems for managing finances Resources in health and social care settings. Therefore will evaluate how financial Decisions are made and the need to monitor budgets. This will then enable the author to